65. (1.) Leaf-blade jointed with the sheath and finally separating from it, often contracted at the base into a short stalk, usually transversely veined. Stem generally woody. [Subfamily =BAMBUSOIDEAE=.] 66 Leaf-blade passing into the sheath without a joint and without a stalk, rarely transversely veined. Stem herbaceous. [Subfamily =POOIDEAE=.] 79 66. Stamens 3. Styles 2-3, free. Outer glumes 1-2. Pericarp dry and thin. [Tribe ARUNDINARIEAE.] 67 Stamens 6. 68 67. Spikelets 2-flowered. Upper flowering glume keeled. Herbs.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. =Microcalamus= Franch. Spikelets many-flowered. Flowering glumes not keeled. Undershrubs or shrubs.--Species 2. East and South Africa. They yield wood, fibre, vegetables, edible seeds, and medicaments. =Arundinaria= Michx. 68. Fruit a nut or a berry; pericarp thick, free from the seed. Tall shrubs or trees. 69 Fruit a caryopsis; pericarp thin, adnate to the seed. [Tribe BAMBUSEAE.] 72 69. Palea rounded on the back, similar to the flowering glume. Spikelets 1-flowered. [Tribe MELOCANNEAE.] 70 Palea 2-keeled. Fruit a nut. [Tribe DENDROCALAMEAE.] 71 70. Spikelets in one-sided spikes, the axis not continued beyond the flower. Outer glumes acuminate. Fruit a large apple-like berry. Trees.--Species 1. Naturalized in the Island of Mauritius. The fruits are edible; also the wood and the fibres are used. =Melocanna= Trin. Spikelets in panicled clusters, the axis continued beyond the flower in the form of a bristle. Outer glumes rolled inwards. Fruit a small wrinkled nut. Shrubs.--Species 1. Madagascar. Used medicinally. =Schizostachyum= Nees 71. Spikelets 1-flowered, in scattered heads. Lodicules 2-3, large. Fruit oblong.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Cephalostachyum= Munro Spikelets 2-or more-flowered, in panicled glomerules. Lodicules 1-2, very small, or absent. Fruit subglobular, beaked.--Species 1. Naturalized in the Island of Mauritius. Yields wood, fibre, vegetables, edible seeds, and medicaments, and is also used as an ornamental plant. =Dendrocalamus= Nees 72. Filaments united into a tube. Palea of the uppermost (hermaphrodite) flower of each spikelet usually 1-keeled. 73 Filaments free. Palea of the uppermost flower 2-keeled, rarely without a keel. 75 73. Spikelets terete. Lodicules none. Tall shrubs.--Species 5. Central Africa. =Oxytenanthera= Munro Spikelets compressed. Herbs. 74 74. Outer glumes 2. Fruit spindle-shaped, furrowed; style much broadened at the base. Spikelets in racemes.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. =Atractocarpa= Franch. Outer glumes 3-4. Fruit subglobular, not furrowed; style not broadened.--Species 5. Equatorial West Africa. =Puelia= Franch. 75. Spikelets 1-flowered. Outer glumes 6-10. Ovary glabrous. Style 2-3-cleft or-parted. Tall shrubs.--Species 3. Madagascar and Mascarenes. =Nastus= Juss. Spikelets 2-or more-flowered. Outer glumes 1-6. 76