88. Spikelets 1-, very rarely 2-flowered, in a slender spike; joints of the spike separating at maturity together with the lower spikelet. Outer glumes approximate in front. [Subtribe LEPTURINAE.] 89 Spikelets 2-to many-flowered, in usually stout spikes; joints of the spike separating at maturity together with the upper spikelet or not separating at all. Outer glumes opposite one another. [Subtribe TRITICINAE.] 90 89. Outer glume 1, very small. Flowering glumes awned. Stamen 1. Rachis of the spike with but slightly hollowed joints.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). =Psilurus= Trin. Outer glumes 2, large. Flowering glumes awnless.--Species 4. North Africa, Abyssinia, Socotra. =Lepturus= R. Br. 90. Flowering glumes decurrent into a callus limited by a furrow, falling with the fruit when ripe. Fruit adhering to the palea.--Species 7. North Africa, Abyssinia, South Africa. The quitch grass (_A. repens_ Beauv.) is used for binding the sand, as fodder, for making syrup, and medicinally. (Including _Eremopyrum_ Jaub. et Spach). =Agropyrum= Gaertn. Flowering glumes without a callus at the base, persisting at maturity. Fruit free. 91 91. Outer glumes ovate, 3-to many-nerved. Fertile spikelets ventricose, 2-5-flowered. Spike usually with a terminal spikelet.--Species 13. Ten species spontaneous in North Africa and Abyssinia, the others (especially the wheat, _T. sativum_ Lam. and _polonicum_ L.) cultivated in various regions. The latter are used as cereals and for plaiting-work, other species as ornamental plants. (Including _Aegilops_ L.) =Triticum= L. Outer glumes oblong lanceolate or subulate, 1-2-nerved. Spikelets not ventricose, 2-, rarely 3-flowered. Spike without a terminal spikelet. 92 92. Outer glumes truncate, two-keeled, with a long awn. Flowering glumes awned from below the tip. Spike very dense.--Species 2. North-west Africa. =Haynaldia= Schur Outer glumes acuminate, one-nerved. Flowering glumes awned from the tip. Spike rather loose.--Species 3. North Africa, Abyssinia, and South Africa. One of them (the rye, _S. cereale_ L.) is cultivated as a cereal and also used as fodder, for making brandy and paper, and for plaiting-work. =Secale= L. 93. Spikelets 1-flowered, sometimes with an empty glume above the flower. Flowering glume awned.--Species 8. North Africa; some species also cultivated or naturalized in Abyssinia, Madagascar, and South Africa. The barley (_H. sativum_ Jessen) is cultivated as a cereal and for making beer; it is also used as fodder and for medicinal purposes. Other species are used as ornamental plants. =Hordeum= L. Spikelets 2-6-flowered.--Species 2. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants. “Lymegrass.” =Elymus= L. 94. (79.) Spikelets in two rows approximated to one another, forming one-sided, sometimes panicled spikes (or spike-like racemes). [Tribe CHLORIDEAE.] 95 Spikelets in sometimes spike-like but equal-sided racemes or more frequently in panicles not consisting of one-sided spikes. 123