95. Spikelets containing 1 hermaphrodite flower. 96 Spikelets containing 2 or more hermaphrodite flowers. 108 96. Spikelets bearing no male flowers or empty glumes above the hermaphrodite flower, but sometimes ending in a short bristle. 97 Spikelets bearing above the hermaphrodite flower a male flower or one or several empty, sometimes very small or awn-like glumes. 101 97. Spikelets awned. 98 Spikelets awnless. 99 98. Flowering glume much shorter than the outer glumes, with a very long awn. Spikes 1-4, terminal.--Species 3. Central Africa and Egypt. =Schoenefeldia= Kunth Flowering glume almost as long as the outer glumes, with a short awn. Spikes numerous, arranged along a common axis.--Species 4. Southern West Africa. =Willkommia= Hack. 99. Spikes solitary, terminal.--Species 3. Central and South Africa. Used in medicine. =Microchloa= R. Br. Spikes digitate or in racemes. 100 100. Spikes digitate, 3-5. Flowering glume usually larger than the outer glumes.--Species 5. Some are used as pasture-grasses or in medicine. “Dogstooth.” =Cynodon= Pers. Spikes arranged along a common axis. Rachis of the spike dilated. Flowering glume much smaller than the outer glumes.--Species 2. East Africa. =Craspedorhachis= Benth. 101. Outer glumes 4. Second outer glume and flowering glume awned. Spikes solitary, rarely 2-3 together.--Species 5. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. (Including _Campulosus_ Desv.) =Ctenium= Panzer Outer glumes 2. 102 102. Spike 1, terminal. 103 Spikes 2 or more, sometimes fascicle-like. 105 103. Flowering glume many-nerved, awned. Styles united at the base, with shortly bearded, at length spirally twisted stigmas.--Species 1. Central Africa. =Streptogyne= Beauv. Flowering glume 3-nerved. Styles free, with feathery stigmas. 104 104. Spikelets awned, imbricate, in slender spikes.--Species 6. East and South Africa, Madagascar and Seychelles. =Enteropogon= Nees Spikelets awnless, crowded, in stout spikes.--Species 1. South Africa. =Harpechloa= Kunth 105. Spikes in false whorls or closely superposed.--Species 25. Some are used as ornamental or fodder-plants. (Plate 8.) =Chloris= Swartz Spikes all distant or the lowest only approximate. 106 106. Spikes very short and very dense. Outer glumes ciliate, with a straight awn. Flowering glume with 3 awns. Several empty glumes above the flowering glume. Low grasses.--Species 1. Northern East Africa. =Melanocenchris= Nees Spikes more or less elongated and loose. Flowering glume with 1 awn or awnless. Rather tall grasses. 107 107. Flowering glume awned, 2-toothed. Empty glume above the flowering one awn-like. Spikes very loose, at first erect.--Species 1. Abyssinia. =Gymnopogon= Beauv. Flowering glume awnless. Spikes rather dense, spreading.--Species 8. Central Africa. Some have edible seeds. (Including _Cypholepis_ Chiov.) =Leptochloa= Beauv. 108. (95.) Spikes 1-3, terminal. 109 Spikes more than 3. 114