121. Flowering glumes 4-toothed, shortly awned.--Species 3. East and South Africa. (Under _Diplachne_ Beauv.) =Leptocarydium= Hochst. Flowering glumes entire or obscurely 2-3-toothed. (See 107.) =Leptochloa= Beauv. 122. Spikelets 2-8-flowered, with a jointed, ciliate axis. Lodicules very small. Fruit linear-oblong, closely enveloped by the glumes.--Species 2. South and East Africa. Used as fodder-grasses. (Under _Eragrostis_ L. or _Leptochloa_ Beauv.) =Pogonarthria= Stapf Spikelets many-flowered, with a tough axis. Lodicules rather large. Fruit ovate, loosely enveloped by the glumes.--Species 1. East Africa and Egypt. (_Stapfiola_ O. Ktze., under _Eragrostis_ L.) =Desmostachya= Stapf 123. (94.) Spikelets 1-flowered. 124 Spikelets 2-or more-flowered. 153 124. Outer glumes 4, rarely 3. Palea usually 1-nerved. [Tribe PHALARIDEAE.] 125 Outer glumes 2, rarely 1 or none. Palea usually 2-nerved. [Tribe AGROSTIDEAE.] 129 125. Leaves lanceolate or elliptical, transversely veined. Spikelets in pairs on the branches of a panicle. Outer glumes 3.--Species 2. Madagascar. =Poecilostachys= Hack. Leaves linear. Flowering glume awnless. 126 126. Upper two outer glumes, or at least the uppermost, larger than the lower. Stamens 6, rarely 3.--Species 25. South and East Africa, Mascarene Islands, St. Helena. =Ehrharta= Thunb. Upper two outer glumes smaller than the lower, more rarely equalling them. Stamens 2-3. 127 127. Upper two outer glumes awnless, smaller than the lower. Flowering glume and palea hardening. Lodicules present. Stamens 3.--Species 10. North, East, and South Africa. Some species are used as ornamental grasses. The seeds of _Ph. canariensis_ L. (Canary-seeds) are used as food and in medicine. =Phalaris= L. Upper two outer glumes awned; lower two unequal. Flowering glume and palea membranous. Lodicules none. Stamens 2. 128 128. Upper two outer glumes smaller than the lower.--Species 5. North-west and Central Africa. The vernal grass (_A. odoratum_ L.) imparts a sweet scent to new-made hay. =Anthoxanthum= L. Upper two outer glumes about as large as the lower.--Species 5. South Africa and Madagascar. “Holygrass.” (_Ataxia_ R. Br., under _Anthoxanthum_ L.). =Hierochloë= Gmel. 129. (124.) Stigmas shortly branched all round, protruding between the tips of the slightly gaping glumes. [Subtribe PHLEINAE.] 130 Stigmas feathery, protruding above the base of the spikelet or enclosed in it. 133 130. Flowering glume rather stiff, awned or mucronate. Axis of the spikelet produced beyond the flower into a bristle usually bearing an empty glume.--Species 2. South Africa. =Fingerhuthia= Nees Flowering glume thinly membranous, unarmed. Axis of the spikelet rarely produced beyond the flower into a bristle without empty glumes. 131 131. Spikelets in slender simple spikes. Outer glumes obscurely keeled, unarmed. Flowering glume somewhat shorter than the outer. Leaves awl-shaped.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). =Mibora= Adans.