In the past centuries there are credible records of Spanish visitors, also of Chinese and Japanese, and of a people coming in Praus and Junks with “tufts of hair on their faces,” Formosans, whose speech has an alliance with the Malayo-Polynesian and hence Hawaiian. At the present time numerous ships which visit Honolulu carry infectious and contagious diseases amongst their crews and passengers, especially those who travel in the steerage. What occurs today at known intervals on a very large scale, most probably happened on a smaller scale at extended and unknown intervals in past centuries; diseases were introduced to Hawaii, and carried from here. Castaways and shipwrecked mariners can carry diseases to the shores they arrive at, the same as other voyagers, and probably did so to Hawaii. If there was no Tuberculosis in Hawaii before the coming of the Foreigner, then where do the ancient Hawaiian words “hookii,” “akepau” come from? Hookii means, in English, to grow thin in flesh, to waste away; akepau means to consume, to finish, hence to eat away. Even today inspection of arrivals from oversea ports, and even limited quarantine carefully carried out by competent officials, is not always an effective protection against the introduction of infectious and contagious diseases into any country. The following list of contagious and infectious diseases eluded the Quarantine officials at the port of Honolulu and infected the town, some later infected other Islands of the group. Year. Month. Disease. [1]1853 May 13. Small-pox. [1]1881 February 4. Small-pox. 1895 August 22. Cholera. [1]1899 December. Plague. 1911 February 23. Cholera. 1911 October 27. Yellow Fever (?) [1]1918 June. Influenza. Footnote 1: Spread to the other Islands of the group. THE EPIDEMIC OF 1889–90. The 10th Pandemic which had its origin in the month of March, 1889, at Bukhara, Russian Turkestan, ultimately reached Hawaii, both from Japan and San Francisco: from the former country in August of that year, and from the latter city in December. Influenza became epidemic in the Islands in the year 1890, in the months of January, February, March and practically ceased to exist in the latter part of April. Its morbidity was extensive, its death rate almost nil. Extract from the Report of the President of the Board of Health to the Legislature: session of 1890. “Early in the autumn of the year 1889 a disease started in Russia, which on that account took the name of the Russian disease.” It spread rapidly over Europe and the British Isles; very soon it crossed the Atlantic, and with extreme rapidity spread over the whole continent of North America.