The Jesuits in Paraguay--Their Government of the Indians--Their Resistance to the Authority of the Spanish and the Portuguese Governments, 168 CHAPTER XI. THE PORTUGUESE AND THE JESUITS. Conflict between the Portuguese and the Jesuits--Charges against them laid before the Pope, Benedict XIV--Investigation ordered by him, 183 CHAPTER XII. IDOLATROUS USAGES INTRODUCED. Jesuits become Idolaters by the Worship of Brahma in India, and of Confucius in China, 196 CHAPTER XIII. PAPAL SUPPRESSION OF THE SOCIETY. Clement XIII was compelled by Public Opinion to Promise the Suppression of the Jesuits, but was murdered--They were suppressed by Clement XIV, who was poisoned--His Decree of Suppression, 217 CHAPTER XIV. RE-ESTABLISHMENT. The Jesuits evade the Decree of the Pope suppressing them, and seek Shelter in Russia and Prussia--They were re-established by Pius VII, to aid the "Allied Powers" to perpetuate Monarchism, 236 CHAPTER XV. RE-ENTERING SPAIN. The Jesuits re-enter Spain--They support Ferdinand VII in trampling upon the Constitution--They arouse a Revolutionary Spirit among the People, 257 CHAPTER XVI. REVOLUTIONS IN SOUTHERN EUROPE. Retrogressive Policy of Gregory XVI--He holds the Italians in Subjection by the Austrian Army--Is succeeded by Pius IX during the Revolution, 282 CHAPTER XVII. TEMPORAL POWER OF THE POPE OVERTHROWN. Pius IX unable to quiet the Revolution--He drives the Jesuits out of Italy--Italy unites with Sardinia--Italian Independence established, and the Temporal Power of the Pope abolished--Terms of Conciliation proposed by Victor Emmanuel, and rejected by the Pope--The New Government anathematized, 306 CHAPTER XVIII. PAPAL DEMANDS. Distinction between the Church and the Papacy--Allocution of Pius IX--Demand for the Restoration of the Temporal Power--An Act of Infallibility--Leo XIII elected--Educated by the Jesuits--Refused to be reconciled to Modern Progress--His Encyclical--Demands Temporal Power--Prefers the Middle Ages--His Jesuit Training, 329 CHAPTER XIX. PRESENT ATTITUDE OF THE PAPACY. The Faithful in the United States required to organize to restore the Temporal Power--That Question an International One--Its Opposition to the Policy of this Country--Opinion of Leo XIII upon Freedom of the Press--He condemns Separation of Church and State--Politico-Religious Questions, 347 CHAPTER XX.