THE PEOPLE AND THE GOVERNMENT. The government for the people alone—Early distrust of the masses and its causes—Embodied in the Federal party—Causes of its fall—Absorption of foreigners—Favorable results—Future of the people. CHAPTER I. SUFFRAGE AND CITIZENSHIP 562 Who are citizens—Advance in extent of suffrage—Who are voters—Citizens of States and of United States. CHAPTER II. CITIZENS OF FOREIGN BIRTH 564 Naturalization—Various steps in naturalization—Digest of laws. CHAPTER III. ELECTIONS 567 Who are entitled to vote for State officers—For United States officers—History of general elections—People obtain direct control. CHAPTER IV. RATIO OF REPRESENTATION 569 Changes with each census—Reason for it—Data—Present ratio and number of Members of Congress. CHAPTER V. OATHS AND BONDS 574 Reasons for them—“Iron-clad oaths”—Who give bonds—Amount of bonds required. CHAPTER VI. GOVERNMENT PRISONS 577 Vigor of the government—Mildness in punishment—Why it owns no prisons. CHAPTER VII. PROCLAMATIONS 578 Who make them—Their significance. CHAPTER VIII. COMMISSIONERS 580 Various classes of officers of this name. CHAPTER IX. OFFICIAL REGISTER 581 Officers and salaries—When published—Where obtained. CHAPTER X. THE UNITED STATES FLAG 582 Significance of the Flag—History of its origin—The “Star-Spangled Banner” and Ft. McHenry. CHAPTER XI. THE GREAT SEAL 585 Uses of Seals—How applied—Who keeps the Great Seal—History of the Great Seal—Jefferson, Adams, etc.—Failure of committees to please—Efforts of Secretary of Congress—Adams and the English Baronet—Description of the Seal. CHAPTER XII. THE ORIGIN OF LAW 588 Origin of law in various kinds of government—In the U.S. all law springs from the People—The fundamental law—Legislative acts—Laws by Treaty—Universal law. CHAPTER XIII.