1857 | 63,875,905 00| 66,729,306|294,160,835|360,890,141| 21.5 | 17.7 1858 | 41,789,621 00| 80,319,275|202,293,875|282,613,150| 20.0 | 14.8 1859 | 49,565,824 00| 79,721,116|259,047,014|338,768,130| 19.0 | 14.6 1860 | 53,187,511 00| 90,841,749|279,872,327|362,166,254| 19.0 | 14.7 1861 | 39,582,126 00|†117,469,962|218,180,191|335,650,153| 18.14| 11.79 1862 | 49,056,398 00|† 69,136,705|136,635,024|205,771,729| 35.90| 23.84 1863 | 69,059,642 00| 44,826,029|208,093,891|252,919,920| 33.19| 27.30 1864 |102,316,153 00|† 54,241,944|275,320,951|329,562,895| 37.16| 31.04 1865 | 84,928,260 00| 54,329,588|194,226,064|248,555,652| 43.75| 34.17 1866 |179,046,630 00| 69,728,618|375,783,540|445,512,158| 47.65| 40.12 1867 |176,417,811 00| 45,203,970|372,627,601|417,831,571| 47.34| 42.22 1868 |164,464,596 00| 29,379,149|342,245,659|371,624,808| 48.05| 44.25 1869 |180,048,427 00| 41,454,568|395,859,687|437,314,255| 45.48| 41.17 1870 |192,878,265 00| 46,560,050|415,817,537|462,377,587| 46.37| 41.71 1871 | | 57,851,808|483,641,966|541,493,774| | -----+--------------+------------+-----------+-----------+------+------- * The percentages in these columns are approximately, not absolutely correct, owing to the fact that the rates are computed upon the value of merchandise, etc., imported, instead of the value of goods entering into consumption in the respective years. † These amounts do not include imports into the Southern ports during the war, from which no revenue was derived, namely, in 1861, $17,089,234; in 1862, $90,789; and in 1864, $2,220. TONNAGE. 11. Tonnage designates the capacity of a vessel for carrying goods, which depends on the tons of weight it can receive, and is computed by assigning so much space, in height, length, and breadth, to each ton. A revenue, additional to that raised from the goods brought in vessels, is produced by a tax on the tonnage, or carrying capacity of vessels. It is laid, not only on foreign vessels, trading with our seaports, but on our own vessels; a distinction being made so as to produce protection in favor of our own commerce and ship-builders. This also is paid by those who buy the goods brought in these vessels; since whatever duty is laid on the carrying trade must be made up by the higher price of the article brought. It is a way of levying taxes without directly calling the attention of the people to the fact. 12. It is worthy of careful consideration whether the country would not gain as much, by removing all these embarrassments to commerce with other countries, and different points on our coasts, as has been gained by free trade between the different States. The Constitution forbids taxes to be levied on inter-State commerce, or trade, and the country is undoubtedly the gainer by such a provision.