The foreign debt of English literatureTucker, T. G. (Thomas George)
History
The foreign debt of English literature
Tucker, T. G. (Thomas George)
Comparative literature; English literature -- History and criticism
Side by side with Lessing, younger than he, but more ardent, went the
_Dichterbund_, the “Poets’ League,” of Göttingen, whose object it was
to make the poetry of Germans truly German, by composing natural lyrics
and ballads of that sort in which modern German poetry perhaps abounds
more richly, more musically, than any poetry of any other land. They,
too, greatly influenced Goethe and Schiller, and from them Heine derives
the impulse to his exquisite music and simplicity. Chief among them was
Bürger, the ballad-writer and author of _Lenore_, who, perhaps, deserves
additional mention as the reputed author of the famous adventures
of Baron Münchhausen, perhaps the most perfectly ridiculous set of
impossible lies ever invented.
To speak of Goethe, Schiller, and Heine, would require volumes. Perhaps
nothing more perfect in their kind can be found than the lyrics of these
three superlative artists, superlative in their simplicity of language,
in their music, and in their clear-cut thought. Schiller’s _Song of the
Bell_ is thought converted into, identified with, melody. Goethe’s _Heath
Rose_, his _Serenade_, his songs in _Egmont_; the gems scattered through
Heine’s _Buch der Lieder_; these show every possible virtue of poems in
their kind. For what is the supreme merit of such a poem, unless that
it should give expression to a worthy thought or emotion in exquisite
language, which shall communicate it wholly, clearly, and movingly, by
means of sounds and cadences acting like music on the emotions, and
tuning the mind to a state of perfect receptiveness? This is precisely
what the great German triad did, and, if German were only more closely
regarded on its literary, as opposed to its utilitarian side, a study
of German lyrics, odes, ballads, and songs might serve as the best of
trainings for any who would learn to write them as poets should. Herein,
perhaps, the literary influence of Germany has yet to work with ample
scope and unmixed benefit.
But, though their lyrics alone are more than enough to make Goethe,
Schiller, and Heine immortal, it is not by these that Goethe and Schiller
are best known to the world outside of Germany. It is by dramas like
_Wallenstein_ and _Wilhelm Tell_ that Schiller holds his place, while
Goethe’s fame is mostly identified with _Faust_, with _Iphigenie_, and
with _Egmont_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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