INDEX 259 SYNOPTICAL TABLES 1. TABLE OF GREEK LITERATURE. 2. VIEW OF RELATIONS WITH GREEK LITERATURE. 3. TABLE OF LATIN LITERATURE. 4. TABLE OF FRENCH LITERATURE. 5. TABLE OF ITALIAN LITERATURE. 6. TABLE OF SPANISH LITERATURE. 7. TABLE OF GERMAN LITERATURE. 8. SOME POINTS IN THE PEDIGREE OF POETRY. 9. SOME POINTS IN THE PEDIGREE OF EPIC VERSE. ENGLISH LITERATURE INTRODUCTORY A just appreciation of any modern European literature is not to be derived from the study of that literature alone. Not one has grown up spontaneously and independently from the soil of the national genius. Some seeds at least have come from elsewhere. Often whole forms of writing have been transplanted bodily. We must particularly recognize these truths when dealing with English literature. The basis of the English mind is chiefly Teutonic, in some measure Celtic. If the English genius had been left to itself, to develop its spiritual and intellectual creations in its own way, English literature would have been a very different thing in both substance and form. But in reality English literary history is the story of the Teutonic and Celtic tendencies “corrected and clarified,” and the Teutonic and Celtic invention immensely assisted, by influences and ideas flowing in from other sources. There have been large ingraftings from other stocks, either partially kindred or altogether alien—from Greeks, Romans, Italians, French, Spaniards, Germans, as well as from Hebrews and other Orientals.