Publius VERGILIUS MARO | VIRGIL lived 70-19 B.C. _GEORGICS_ (poems on husbandry). The idea taken from Hesiod. [See HESIOD in the Greek Table.] Quintus HORATIUS Flaccus | HORACE lived 65-8 B.C. _ARS POETICA_ (an essay in literary criticism). An ill-digested _rechauffé_ of Aristotle and later Greek critics. The source of the shallow criticism of Boileau and his school. And of Pope and his school. Pastoral Verse VIRGIL _BUCOLICS_ (or _ECLOGUES_). From Theocritus, but moralized and sometimes artificial. Imitated by Mantuan and Sannazaro in Italy, and Marot in France. Spenser’s _Shepheard’s Calender_ etc. [_See_ Greek Table: PASTORAL.] Epigram Marcus Valerius MARTIALIS | MARTIAL fl. A.D. 90. _EPIGRAMS_ (various subjects). The conception of Greek epigram is polish and delicacy. Of Latin it is chiefly point and sting. The modern conception of epigram is entirely taken from the Latin form. Martial is the one model. History Gaius Julius CAESAR | CAESAR lived 100-44 B.C. _COMMENTARIES_ (on the Gallic and the Civil Wars; simple, straightforward narrative). Gaius SALLUSTIUS Crispus | SALLUST fl. 45 B.C. _Catilina_ and _Jugurtha_ Attempts to imitate Thucydides. A commonplace moralizer. Titus LIVIUS Patavinus | LIVY Ob. A.D. 17 _HISTORY_ (of Rome); (rich style, ample, pathetic). Adopts the Greek custom of putting _verbatim_ speeches into the mouths of his characters. Gaius Cornelius TACITUS | TACITUS fl. A.D. 100 _HISTORIES_ and _ANNALS_ (of Emperors); (epigrammatic, terse, satirical). Aims at the condensation of Thucydides. It is impossible to estimate the great influence of these writers on later historians. Livy (with Cicero) is the model (in point of style) followed by Gibbon. [Compare remark in Greek Table: HISTORY.] Oratory Marcus TULLIUS CICERO | CICERO (and “Tully.”) lived 106-43 B.C. SPEECHES (59 extant, _e.g._, _Philippics_, _Against Verres_, etc.). Follower of Demosthenes, but in a more rotund and loaded style. The model of most French oratory and preaching (Bossuet, etc.) (Otherwise Seneca is followed). The model of speakers and preachers of seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Jeremy Taylor, etc., to Burke, etc.). The “Johnsonian” style is based on Cicero. Marcus Fabius Quintilianus | Quintilian fl. A.D. 100 _The Training of the Orator._ Letter-Writing CICERO 106-43 B.C. LETTERS (“To Atticus,” “To Friends”). Gaius PLINIUS Secundus | PLINY (the Younger.) fl. A.D. 100