seventeenth-century “cavalier” poets (Suckling, Herrick, etc.), and (unconsciously) guides later writers of _pièces de circonstance_. Elegiac Verse Albius TIBULLUS | TIBULLUS Sextus Aurelius PROPERTIUS | PROPERTIUS fl. 20 B.C. ELEGIES (of affection and sentiment). Direct imitations of Alexandrian Greek elegists. Exerted an influence similar to that of Ovid, but in a less degree. Publius OVIDIUS Naso | OVID fl. 43 B.C.-A.D. 17. VARIOUS POEMS, _e.g._, _Heroides_ (in the form of letters). _Tristia_, _Amores_, etc. The Greek models are less epigrammatic. Ovid affects pointed couplets (compare Pope). Ovid was a favourite author even in the early Middle Ages. His love-elegies were particularly affected (as in the _Romance of the Rose_), and are best represented (in a shorter form) by the sonnet of the Italians and of the sixteenth-century English. The Italian painters and poets of the Renaissance made great use of him, and Chaucer, Spenser, Milton, Pope are much indebted to him. The favourite work, however, was his _Metamorphoses_, which is not in elegiac, but in heroic verse, being narrative. Satiric Verse Gaius LUCILIUS | Lucilius fl. 120 B.C. SATIRES on politics, literature (fragments), etc. Quintus HORATIUS Flaccus | HORACE 65-8 B.C. _SATIRES AND EPISTLES_ (genial). Aulus PERSIUS Flaccus | Persius fl. A.D. 60 SATIRES (crabbed style) Decimus Junius JUVENALIS | JUVENAL fl. A.D. 120 _SATIRES_ (polished, terse, trenchant). A native Latin growth (Greek satire takes a different form and medium). Models for much Italian satire (Aretino, etc.), and French (Regnier, _Satyre Ménippée_, Boileau, etc.). In English the best examples out of many are the _Moral Essays_ and _Imitations of Horace_ by Pope, his _Dunciad_, and the satires of Dryden (_MacFlecknoe_, etc.). Compare Byron’s _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_. Johnson copies Juvenal in _London_ and _Vanity of Human Wishes_. Didactic (and “philosophical”) Verse Titus LUCRETIUS CARUS | LUCRETIUS fl. 60 B.C. _DE RERUM NATURA_ (“the Constitution of Nature”). In form follows old Greek philosophical poets, and in matter expounds the philosophy of Epicurus. Seen directly in the philosophical verse-essay (Pope’s _Essay on Man_, Akenside’s _Pleasures of the Imagination_, etc.): but Lucretius has also been the favourite reading of many poets, _e.g._, Shelley. Compare Tennyson’s Poem on “Lucretius,” Wordsworth’s _Excursion_.