[522] Conclusive proof of the whereabouts of Henry in the summer of 1396 is found in the letter ‘escript ... le xxe jour d’augst’. This letter is in Arch. Nat., Paris, J. 644: 35^{11}. For the expeditions in which Henry _did_ take part, when he was Henry of Derby, see vol. lii of the Camden Society, edited by Lucy Toulmin Smith, London, 1894, 4to. [523] Froissart, p. 244. [524] Phr., I. 14, p. 59; Bontinius, III. 2. [525] Engel, _Geschichte der Bulgaren_, p. 468. According to the authority who has made the most exhaustive study of the Nicopolis expedition, Sigismund disposed of 120,000 men in all, including the western allies: Kiss, in _À Nikápolyi ülkozet_, p. 266. Kiss’s estimate is corroborated by the _Cronica Dolfina_, which says that Sigismund had one hundred thousand men under arms in 1394. Sanuto quotes this in Muratori, xxii, col. 762. Cf. also Hungarian Nat. Archives, Dipl. 8201, 8212, 8214, 8493, 8541. [526] Schiltberger, p. 2. [527] Bruun, in his _Geographische Anmerkungen zum Reisebuch von Schiltberger_ (_Sitz.-Ber. k. Bay. Akademie_, 1869, ii. 271), tried to prove that the battle was fought, not at Nicopolis on the Danube, but near the ancient Nicopolis of Trajan’s foundation. But in his notes to the English translation of Schilt., Hakluyt, lviii. 108-9, he assents to the contention which Kanitz makes in _Donau-Bulgarien_, ii. 58-70, that the battle was near Nicopolis-on-the-Danube. An examination of the chronicles corroborates Kanitz’s hypothesis over against the ingenuous argument of Jireček. Some historians have been so unmindful of geographical considerations as to put the battle at the ancient Nicopolis _ad Haemum_, of which Ortellius, p. 225, speaks. [528] Schiltberger, p. 2. [529] Froissart, pp. 251, 262-3, 310, 329. ‘Miscreant’, of course, in its original sense. [530] Ibid., p. 310. [531] Ibid., pp. 311-17; _Relig. de St.-Denis_, pp. 490-7. Schiltberger, p. 3, attributes this initiative to Jean de Nevers, whom, like many other writers on Nicopolis, he calls, by anticipation, Duke of Burgundy. Cf. Donado da Lezze, p. 9, who says: ‘Il signor Carlo, _prima_ Duca di Borgogna.’ Also Morosini, p. 6. Sigismund is frequently spoken of as German emperor at the time of Nicopolis. Cf. Chalc., ed. Migne, col. 76: ἡγουμένου Σιγισυούνδου Ῥωμαίων βασιλέως τε καὶ αὐτοκράτορος. [532] Rabbi Joseph, i. 252. [533] Froissart, pp. 313-16; _Relig. de St.-Denis_, pp. 490 f.; Rabbi Joseph, p. 253; Schiltberger, p. 3; Seadeddin, i. 184; Neshri, in _ZDMG._, xv. 345-8. Cf. authorities cited in Bibliography. [534] Froissart, p. 317. Hermann de Cilly and the Burgrave of Nürnberg are said by some authorities to have thrown themselves in front of Sigismund, and to have saved him and carried him off to the boat. [535] The bitterness against and contempt for the Hungarians is expressed in the following verses: