[710] ‘Osman, Karaman, and Assam. Karaman retired to Syria and Assam to Persia. The house of Osman always persecuted the descendants of these two latter.’ Geuffroi, 267. Also Cuspianus, 11, and Haeniger. [711] Spandugino, Lonicerus, and Egnatius. [712] Mignot, 33. [713] _Tractatus de moribus_; Vanell, i. 351-2; Sagredo; Cervarius; Cuspianus, 46. [714] The historian must use the Bonn editions with caution. There are frequent glosses in the Latin translations of Byzantine texts. See foot-note on p. 263. [715] Pachymeres, ii. 589. [716] See Appendix B, which is really a continuation of this argument. [717] _Vie de Timour_, iii. 255. [718] ‘Osman possessed all Anatolia, which he called Osmania: he came to be called Lord of Asia Minor,’ Formanti, 4; ‘Osman made himself master of all Anatolia without any difficulty,’ Spandugino; ‘Osman seized Cappadocia, Galatia, and Bithynia,’ Cuspianus, 10; ‘master of Syria as well as of Asia Minor,’ Donado da Lezze, 5. [719] Formanti; Geuffroy; Donado; Cuspianus; Giovio Paulo; Richer; Guazzo, 257 vº. [720] Rabbi Joseph, ii. 505. [721] Mignot, 33. [722] _Chronique de Saint-Denis_ (Ed. _Soc. Hist. de France_), i. 319, 709. [723] Richer, whom I have already quoted in Chapter I. [724] ‘Cette nation nombreuse, pleine de confiance dans ses forces, et brûlant du désir de soumettre à sa domination toute la chrétienté, avait quitté les confins de Perse.’ _Chronique de Saint-Denys_, i. 709. [725] ‘Quod cum ante complures annos florens illud Orientis imperium everterit et in Occidentis non exigua spacia invaserit, atque oppresserit quod reliquum nobis factum est, omni vi suo intolerabile iugum ditionemque redigere studet.’ Domini de la Vuo, _Disputatio de bello turcico_, bound in with Camerarius, p. 94, in Bibl. Nat., Paris, Imprimés, no. J 860. [726] Col. Djevad bey, 192-3. [727] H. Saladin, _Manuel de l’architecture musulmane_, 437-40. [728] Ibid., 437. On p. 479, Saladin makes another curious statement to the effect that in 1300 the Osmanlis employed architects who had fortified the Seljuk strongholds. I have never been able to find in my reading or from observation of Ottoman constructions any authority for such an assertion. [729] i. 50. The _medressé_ is, as Seadeddin says, to the right after you enter the Yeni Sheïr gate. The _imaret_ is near the Yeshil Djami, which is the oldest Ottoman mosque extant, dating from 1378. The imam of the Yeshil Djami told me that the imaret was built by Osman’s wife, Malkhatun. According to Seadeddin, however, Malkhatun died before Osman! [730] Parvillée, p. 6, says that the Oulou-Djami, which is attributed to Murad I in Brusa by popular consent, was not finished until the reign of Mahomet I. [731] Cf. preface of Parvillée; and Hammer, i. 83. [732] W. Lübeke, _Geschichte der Architektur_ (6te Auflage), i. 425; Franz-Pasha, _Die Baukunst des Islams_ (third volume of part 2 of _Handbücher der Architektur_), 52, 67.