If then my muscular sense tells me that I have moved between the two
instants [alpha] and [beta], but so as to feel successively the two
series of muscular sensations _S_ and _S'_ that I consider inverses, I
shall still conclude, just as if I had not budged, that the points
occupied by _A_ at the instant [alpha] and by _B_ at the instant [beta]
are identical, if I ascertain that my first finger touches _A_ at the
instant [alpha], and _B_ at the instant [beta].
This solution is not yet completely satisfactory, as one will see. Let
us see, in fact, how many dimensions it would make us attribute to
space. I wish to compare the two points occupied by _A_ and _B_ at the
instants [alpha] and [beta], or (what amounts to the same thing since I
suppose that my finger touches _A_ at the instant [alpha] and _B_ at the
instant [beta]) I wish to compare the two points occupied by my finger
at the two instants [alpha] and [beta]. The sole means I use for this
comparison is the series [Sigma] of muscular sensations which have
accompanied the movements of my body between these two instants. The
different imaginable series [Sigma] form evidently a physical continuum
of which the number of dimensions is very great. Let us agree, as I have
done, not to consider as distinct the two series [Sigma] and [Sigma] +
_S_ + _S'_, when _S_ and _S'_ are inverses one of the other in the sense
above given to this word; in spite of this agreement, the aggregate of
distinct series [Sigma] will still form a physical continuum and the
number of dimensions will be less but still very great.
To each of these series [Sigma] corresponds a point of space; to two
series [Sigma] and [Sigma]' thus correspond two points _M_ and _M'_. The
means we have hitherto used enable us to recognize that _M_ and _M'_ are
not distinct in two cases: (1) if [Sigma] is identical with [Sigma]';
(2) if [Sigma]' = [Sigma] + _S_ + _S'_, _S_ and _S'_ being inverses one
of the other. If in all the other cases we should regard _M_ and _M'_ as
distinct, the manifold of points would have as many dimensions as the
aggregate of distinct series [Sigma], that is, much more than three.
For those who already know geometry, the following explanation would be
easily comprehensible. Among the imaginable series of muscular
sensations, there are those which correspond to series of movements
where the finger does not budge. I say that if one does not consider as
distinct the series [Sigma] and [Sigma] + [sigma], where the series
[sigma] corresponds to movements where the finger does not budge, the
aggregate of series will constitute a continuum of three dimensions, but
that if one regards as distinct two series [Sigma] and [Sigma]' unless
[Sigma]' = [Sigma] + _S_ + _S'_, _S_ and _S'_ being inverses, the
aggregate of series will constitute a continuum of more than three
dimensions.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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