------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcriber’s Note: This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects. Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_. Italics may be employed (rarely) for emphasis, but most frequently for citation of sources and merely typographic effect. Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced. Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected. Please see the transcriber’s note at the end of this text for details regarding the handling of any textual issues encountered during its preparation. THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND [Illustration: New England in 1640. (Insert shows Labrador Current)] THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND BY JAMES TRUSLOW ADAMS _Illustrated_ [Illustration] THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY PRESS BOSTON COPYRIGHT, 1921 BY JAMES TRUSLOW ADAMS First Impression, May, 1921 Second Impression, Nov, 1922 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA _To_ A. L. A. One duty that was always incumbent on the historian has now become a duty of deeper significance and stronger obligation. Truth, and Truth only, is our aim. We are bound as historians to examine and record facts without favor or affection to our own nation or to any other. LORD BRYCE, Presidential Address, at the International Congress of Historical Studies, 1913 PREFACE The following account of the founding of New England is intended to serve as an introduction to the later history of that section, and to the study of its relations with other portions of the Empire and with the mother-country, as well as of the section's influence upon the nation formed from such of the colonies as subsequently revolted. The book thus necessarily deals mainly with origins, discussing the discovery and first settlement of the region; the genesis of the religious and political ideas which there took root and flourished; the geographic and other factors which shaped its economic development; the beginnings of that English overseas empire, of which it formed a part; and the early formulation of thought—on both sides of the Atlantic—regarding imperial problems.