New England -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
To return to Merry Mount, however, it must be conceded that there were
more serious things wrong there than merely heavy drinking and loose
living. Morton, led by cupidity, had made the fatal error of selling
fire-arms to the Indians. Needless to say, the profits, in beaver, of
such a trade, were enormous; but it threatened the life of every white
man on the coast, and residents of the scattered settlements asked
Plymouth to join with them in suppressing the deadly mischief. Morton,
after a brief struggle, of which he gives an amusing account, was taken
into custody, and shipped to England with a complaint to the Council for
New England.
The cost of the expedition, which had been led by Standish, amounted to
a little over £12, borne by eight settlements, of which the inhabitants
of Plymouth outnumbered all the other seven together.[256] That colony,
however, contributed but one sixth of the money spent, for which several
reasons might be suggested. During the years of its existence, it had
received practically no help from the capitalists at home, subsequent to
the first fitting out, and the really great achievement of its leaders
had consisted in maintaining, for the first time, the existence of a
plantation in a wilderness by its own unaided efforts. The three main
points of interest in that connection were the abandonment of the
common-stock theory, the growth of trade, and the buying out of the
interest of the capitalists, which latter transaction foreshadowed the
transfer to America of the Massachusetts charter.
Footnote 256:
Bradford, _Plymouth_, pp. 240 _ff._; _cf._ also Bradford, _Letter
Book_, in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, Series I, vol. III, p. 63.
The theory of a common-stock as a necessity for the profitable operation
of colonies was the accepted one of the day, in spite of repeated
failures due to human nature. That failure had been as evident in
Plymouth as elsewhere. Young unmarried men objected to having the fruits
of their toil go to support other men's wives and children. Married men
disliked having their wives sew, cook, and wash for the others.
Hard-working men thought it unfair that they should support the more
idle or incapable. The older men, or those of the better class, declined
to work for the younger or meaner. The pinch of hunger, in 1623, finally
decided the colonists to set aside their agreement, in the interests of
the capitalists as well as their own, in the one particular of raising
food. The immediate result was a greatly increased production, so that
many had a surplus and trading began among themselves, with corn as
currency. The following year, one acre of land was confirmed to each
individual in severalty.[257]
Footnote 257:
Bradford, _Plymouth_, pp. 134, 167. The list of lots, with their
owners, is in _Plymouth Records_, vol. XII, pp. 1-6.
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