As has already been seen, only two men failed to conform to the change under Henry in 1534, and less than two per cent were forced from their cures when Elizabeth introduced the Oath of Supremacy. In the great deprivations under James and Archbishop Bancroft, following the adoption of the Canons of 1604, the most careful sifting of all the records indicates that less than three hundred Puritan clergy were deprived of their livings.[163] On the other hand, when the Puritans came into power, out of eighty-six hundred clergy of the Church, the livings of approximately thirty-five hundred, or over forty per cent, were sequestrated.[164] The Nonconformist struggle was not for toleration, but for control. Indeed, the objection of the Puritans to the Court of High Commission itself, to which they sometimes voluntarily carried their own cases, and which had a certain popularity that has largely been lost to sight, was not so much that it was an instrument of oppression, as that at times it was turned against themselves.[165] Footnote 163: Usher, _Reconstruction_, vol. II, pp. 3-14. Footnote 164: Tatham, in _Puritans in Power_, pp. 91 _f._, gives from 3,000 to 3,500. In his monograph on _Dr. John Walker and the Sufferings of the Clergy_ (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1911, p. 132), he states 3,500 as the probable number. Footnote 165: R. G. Usher, _The Rise and Fall of the High Commission_ (Oxford, 1913), pp. 72, 105, 329. One of the claims made for them is that they constituted a large percentage of both the clergy and the laity, and embraced a great part of the learned men of the church, and were therefore entitled to guide the organization. This claim does not stand the test of rigid criticism. As exhaustive a list as possible, giving every doubtful name to the Puritans, shows not over three hundred Puritan clergy in the church between 1600 and 1610, or about three per cent of the establishment.[166] There are no figures available for the laity, but computations based on various methods of estimating the numbers yield totals equivalent to from two to six per cent of the population. These figures may be too low, but it must be considered that the common people, particularly in the country districts, were inert to a much greater degree even than to-day, and their normal attitude toward the clergy might well have been summed up in the dictum of the choir in Hardy's “Under the Greenwood Tree,” that “there's virtue in a man's not putting a parish to spiritual trouble.” Footnote 166: Usher, _Reconstruction_, vol. I, pp. 249-51.