New England -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
To the Puritan, the reign of law was merely the reign of God's will, but
it was universal. No act was indifferent, either in the universe or in
the individual. John Winthrop's consideration of the special providence
of God, in permitting the discovery of a spider in some porridge before
it was eaten, was not merely Puritanical.[182] It was scriptural, and it
was to the Scriptures that every Puritan turned to ascertain the will of
God upon every detail of daily life. This obviously opened the way to
the most far-reaching tyranny to which men could be called upon to
submit, should those fanatically holding the view be in possession of
the civil power to enforce it. The tyranny of political despotism had
left untouched the whole vast field of private conduct, save in so far
as the acts of individuals might minister directly to the despot's
pleasure, wealth, or power. The conformity forced upon individuals by
established churches had left to the individual his whole freedom
outside of the limited relations to the establishment and its doctrines.
But the Puritan left no such free spaces in life. Nothing was so small
as to be indifferent. The cut of clothes, the names he bore, the most
ordinary social usages, could all be regulated in accordance with the
will of God. For him, that will was expressed once for all, and only, in
the Bible, and of that Bible the Puritan believed that he alone had the
key, and was the valid interpreter for the rest of mankind. The more
extreme of the sects, indeed, occasionally remind one of those hill
tribes of the northern Himalayas, who consider themselves so holy that
no one is allowed to touch their persons, while they alone are allowed
to approach the symbol of their god.[183]
Footnote 182:
R. C. Winthrop, _Life and Letters of John Winthrop_ (Boston, 1869),
vol. I, p. 69.
Footnote 183:
Frazer, _Adonis_, etc., p. 137.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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