Free thought; Modernism (Christian theology) -- Catholic Church; Religion and science; Teaching, Freedom of
“We confess that we do not know whether there are for mankind as a
whole, and for the individual, tasks and goals that extend beyond
this earthly existence” (_Jodl_). “There is no scientific
philosophy of generally recognized standard, but only in the form
of various experiments for the purpose of defining and expressing
the harmony and the idea of the active principle; consequently
there cannot be a final philosophy, it must be ready at all times
to revise any point that previously seemed to have been
established” (_Paulsen_). “Only to dogmatism,” says another, “are
the various theories of the world contradictory; to science they
are hypotheses of equal value, which, as they are all limited, may
exist side by side, the theistic as well as the atheistic, the
dualistic, the monistic, and whatever their names may be. Man, who
conceives these hypotheses, is master over them all and makes use
of them, here of one, there of another, according to the kind of
the problem he is occupied with at the time. Thus, he is
independent of any view of the world” (_L. von Sybel_). Again we
are told: “There has been formulated a free variety of
metaphysical systems, none of them demonstrable.... Is it our
task, perhaps, to select the true one? This would be an odd
superstition; this metaphysical anarchy is teaching, as obviously
as possible, the relativity of all metaphysical systems” (_W.
Dilthey_). Therefore, nothing but impressions and opinions, and
not the truth; indeed, for the cognition of transcendental,
metaphysical truths, they often have only words of disdain.
“The fact should be emphasized,” says _G. Spicker_, “that
philosophy really is devoid of any higher ideal; that, through its
doubt of the objective cognizability of things above us, outside
and inside of us, it has fallen prey to scepticism, even if
philosophers do not admit it and try to evade the issue with the
phrase ‘theory of cognition.’ ”
A science cannot sink to a lower level than by the admission that it has
nothing to offer and nothing to accomplish. It is tantamount to
bankruptcy. This science undertakes to nourish the human mind, but offers
stones instead of bread; it wants to uplift and to instruct, and confesses
that it has nothing to tell. _Amphora coepit institui, currente rota
urceus exit._ In the beginning a proud consciousness and the promise to be
everything to mankind; at the end mental pauperism and scepticism, a
caricature of science.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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