France -- History -- Louis XVI, 1774-1793; France -- History -- Revolution, 1789-1799
With the working people, again it is not so well. Unlucky! For
there are twenty to twenty-five millions of them. Whom, however,
we lump together into a kind of dim compendious unity, monstrous
but dim, far off, as the _canaille;_ or, more humanely, as “the
masses.” Masses, indeed: and yet, singular to say, if, with an
effort of imagination, thou follow them, over broad France, into
their clay hovels, into their garrets and hutches, the masses
consist all of units. Every unit of whom has his own heart and
sorrows; stands covered there with his own skin, and if you prick
him he will bleed. O purple Sovereignty, Holiness, Reverence;
thou, for example, Cardinal Grand-Almoner, with thy plush
covering of honour, who hast thy hands strengthened with
dignities and moneys, and art set on thy world watch-tower
solemnly, in sight of God, for such ends,—what a thought: that
every unit of these masses is a miraculous Man, even as thyself
art; struggling, with vision, or with blindness, for _his_
infinite Kingdom (this life which he has got, once only, in the
middle of Eternities); with a spark of the Divinity, what thou
callest an immortal soul, in him!
Dreary, languid do these struggle in their obscure remoteness;
their hearth cheerless, their diet thin. For them, in this world,
rises no Era of Hope; hardly now in the other,—if it be not hope
in the gloomy rest of Death, for their faith too is failing.
Untaught, uncomforted, unfed! A dumb generation; their voice only
an inarticulate cry: spokesman, in the King’s Council, in the
world’s forum, they have none that finds credence. At rare
intervals (as now, in 1775), they will fling down their hoes and
hammers; and, to the astonishment of thinking mankind,[29] flock
hither and thither, dangerous, aimless; get the length even of
Versailles. Turgot is altering the Corn-trade, abrogating the
absurdest Corn-laws; there is dearth, real, or were it even
“factitious;” an indubitable scarcity of bread. And so, on the
second day of May 1775, these waste multitudes do here, at
Versailles Château, in wide-spread wretchedness, in sallow faces,
squalor, winged raggedness, present, as in legible hieroglyphic
writing, their Petition of Grievances. The Château gates have to
be shut; but the King will appear on the balcony, and speak to
them. They have seen the King’s face; their Petition of
Grievances has been, if not read, looked at. For answer, two of
them are hanged, on a “new gallows forty feet high;” and the rest
driven back to their dens,—for a time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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