[Footnote 279: Marat, who edited "The Friend of the People," was, says Lamartine, "the fury of the Revolution. He had the clumsy tumblings of the brute in his thought and its gnashings of teeth in his style. His journal smelt of blood in every line."--_History of the Girondists_, vol. i., p. 115.] [Footnote 280: The Constitution conferred upon _the king and the Assembly_ the right of making peace and war. The king complained bitterly that he was no longer authorized alone to declare war and make peace.] [Footnote 281: Mémoires de Madame de Campan, t. ii., p. 150.] [Footnote 282: "Quiconque applaudira le roi sera bâttonné; quiconque l'insultera sera pendu."] [Footnote 283: La Fayette's Memoirs.] [Footnote 284: Robespierre was opposed to this act of special respect, and exclaimed, "What means this obsequious exception? Do you fear to degrade royalty by handing over the king and queen to ordinary tribunals? A citizen, a _citoyenne_, any man, any dignity, however elevated, can never be degraded by the law."] [Footnote 285: Thiers, vol. i., p. 185.] [Footnote 286: Even Lamartine says, "The king addressed to the commissioners of the Assembly a reply, the bad faith of which called for the smile rather than the indulgence of his enemies."--_Lamartine's Hist. of the Girondists_, vol. i., p. 105. "The Assembly accepted the declaration of the king, although it was evident to them that the king did not intend merely to go to Montmedy, where no preparations had been made to receive him, but that he intended to go to the magnificent monastery of Orval, three leagues beyond the frontier, in Luxembourg, then occupied by the Austrians. Troops, commanded by the Prince of Condé, were there awaiting his arrival. The flight of the king was the signal for the loyalist officers to desert. All those of a regiment in garrison at Dunkirk fled to the Austrians, carrying with them the banners of the regiment."--_Hist. de la Rev. Française, par Villiaumé_.] CHAPTER XXIII. COMMOTION IN PARIS. The Remains of Voltaire removed to the Pantheon.--Decision of the Assembly on the Flight of the King.--Thomas Paine.--Views of the Constitutional Monarchists.--Message from La Fayette to the King of Austria.--The Jacobins summon the Populace to the Field of Mars.--Mandate of the Jacobins.--The Crowd on the Field of Mars dispersed by the Military.--Completion of the Constitution.--Remarkable Conversation of Napoleon.--The King formally accepts the Constitution.--Great, but transient, Popularity of the Royal Family.