The believers in this theory come from other quarters, from the two
extremes of the lower stratum of the middle class and the upper stratum
of the low class. Again, in these two contiguous groups, which merge
into each other, those must be left out who, absorbed in their daily
occupations or professions, have no time or thought to give to public
matters, who have reached a fair position in the social hierarchy and
are not disposed to run risks, almost all of them well-established,
steady-going, mature, married folks who have sown their wild oats and
whom experience in life has rendered distrustful of themselves and of
theories. Overweening conceit is, most of the time, only average in the
average human being, so speculative ideas will with most people only
obtain a loose, transient and feeble hold. Moreover, in this society
which, for many centuries consists of people accustomed to being ruled,
the hereditary spirit is bourgeois that is to say, used to discipline,
fond of order, peaceable and even timid.--There remains a minority, a
very small one,[1201] innovating and restless. This consisted, on
the one hand, of people who were discontented with their calling
or profession, because they were of secondary or subaltern rank in
it.[1202] Some were debutantes not fully employed and others aspirants
for careers not yet entered upon. Then, on the other hand, there were
the men of unstable character and all those who were uprooted by the
immense upheaval of things: in the Church, through the suppression of
convents and through schism; in the judiciary, in the administration,
in the financial departments, in the army, and in various private and
public careers, through the reorganization of institutions, through the
novelty of fresh resources and occupations, and through the disturbance
caused by the changed relationships of patrons and clients. Many who, in
ordinary times, would otherwise remain quiet, become in this way nomadic
and extravagant in politics. Among the foremost of these are found those
who, through a classical education, can take in an abstract proposition
and deduce its consequences, but who, for lack of special preparation
for it, and confined to the narrow circle of local affairs, are
incapable of forming accurate conceptions of a vast, complex social
organization, and of the conditions which enable it to subsist.
Their talent lies in making a speech, in dashing off an editorial, in
composing a pamphlet, and in drawing up reports in more or less pompous
and dogmatic style; the genre admitted, a few of them who are gifted
become eloquent, but that is all. Among those are the lawyers, notaries,
bailiffs and former petty provincial judges and attorneys who furnish
the leading actors and two-thirds of the members of the Legislative
Assembly and of the Convention: There are surgeons and doctors in small
towns, like Bo, Levasseur, and Baudot, second and third-rate literary
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