And all over the nation, in voluntary organizations for aid to the government, is being shown the pioneer principle of association that was expressed in the "house raising." It is shown in the Red Cross, the Y. M. C. A., the Knights of Columbus, the councils and boards of science, commerce, labor, agriculture; and in all the countless other types, from the association of women in their kitchen who carry out the recommendations of the Food Director and revive the plain living of the pioneer, to the Boy Scouts who are laying the foundations for a self-disciplined and virile generation worthy to follow the trail of the backwoodsmen. It is an inspiring prophecy of the revival of the old pioneer conception of the obligations and opportunities of neighborliness, broadening to a national and even to an international scope. The promise of what that wise and lamented philosopher, Josiah Royce called, "the beloved community." In the spirit of the pioneer's "house raising" lies the salvation of the Republic. This then is the heritage of pioneer experience,--a passionate belief that a democracy was possible which should leave the individual a part to play in free society and not make him a cog in a machine operated from above; which trusted in the common man, in his tolerance, his ability to adjust differences with good humor, and to work out an American type from the contributions of all nations--a type for which he would fight against those who challenged it in arms, and for which in time of war he would make sacrifices, even the temporary sacrifice of individual freedom and his life, lest that freedom be lost forever. FOOTNOTES: [335:1] An address delivered at the dedication of the building of the State Historical Society of Minnesota, May 11, 1918. Printed by permission of the Society. [343:1] See De Tocqueville's interesting appreciation of this American phenomenon. INDEX Absentee proprietors, 55, 297 Achievement, 309 Adams, Henry, 213 Adams, J. Q., 26, 192, 230 Agriculture, 314, 329; Middle West, 149, 150 Agriculture, Department of, 320 Alamance, 119, 120 Alaska, 296 Albany, 43, 52 Albany congress of 1754, 15 Algonquin Indians, 130 Aliens, land tenure by, 110 Alleghany Mountains, 9, 18, 67; as barrier to be overcome, 195 Allen, Ethan, 54 Allen, W. V., 220 American Historical Assoc., 159 American history, social forces, 311; survey of recent, 311 American life, distinguishing feature, 2 American people, 339 American spirit, 306, 336, 337 "American System," 171, 172 Americanization, effective, 4 Arid lands, 9, 147, 219, 239, 245, 278 Aristocracy, 250, 254, 257, 275 Army posts, frontier, 16; prototypes, 47 Asia, 296 Association, voluntary, 343, 344, 358 Astor's American Fur Co., 6, 143 Atlantic coast, as early frontier, 4; Mississippi Valley and, 190, 191; Northern, History, 295 Atlantic frontier, composition, 12 Atlantic states, 207, 208 Augusta, Ga., 98 Autocracy, 344