Slavery question, 24, 29, 98, 111, 139, 304, 330; compromise movement, 174; democracy and, 256; expansion, 174; Middle West and, 139; Mississippi Valley and, 198, 201; Northwest and, 230; slaves as property, 115; Virginia and North Carolina, 122 Smith, Major Lawrence, 84 Social control, 277 Social forces, in American history, 311; mode of investigating, 330; on the Atlantic coast, 295; political institutions and, 243 Social mobility, 355 Social order, Mississippi Valley, 203-204; new, 263 Social reformers, 262-263 Socialism, 246, 277, 307, 321 Society, backwoods, 212; rebirth of in the West, 205 Soils, 278, 279; search for, 18 Solid South, 217 South, 27, 166, 218; contribution to settlement of Old Northwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois), 223, 225-226; Ohio Valley and, 174; solid, 217; transforming forces, 295; West and, 196, 197; _see also_ Upland South South Carolina, 174; condition of antagonism between coast and interior, 116; land system, townships, 96; trade, 108 South Dakota, development, 237 Southeastern Europe, 294, 299, 316 Southerners and the Middle West, 133-134, 135, 138 Southwest, 297 Spain, 167, 181, 246; Mississippi Valley and, 184, 185 Spangenburg, A. G., 17 Spanish America 181, 182, 295 Spanish frontier, 125 Spanish War, 246 Speculation, 319 Spoils system, 32, 254 Spotswood, Alexander, 22, 88, 90, 91, 113, 247; Mississippi Valley and, 180 Spotsylvania County, Va., 90 Spreckles, Claus, 265 Squatter-sovereignty, 140 Squatters, 272, 343; doctrines, 273, 328; ideal, 320; Middle West, 137; Ohio Valley, 170; Pennsylvania in 1726, 101 Stark, John, 103-104 State historical societies, 340 State lines, 127 State universities, 221, 354; as safeguard of democracy, 286; Michigan, 233; peculiar power, 283-284; pioneer ideals and, 269, 281 States, checkerboard, 218; frontier pioneers' demand for statehood, 248; groups, 159; new states vs. Atlantic States, 207; System of, 168 Staunton, Va., 92 Steam navigation, 7, 135, 171 Steel, 313 Steel and iron industry, 152 Stockbridge, 79 Stoddard, Solomon, 45 Success, 288, 309 Sudbury, 39 Suffrage, 192, 216; basis, 249; frontier and extension, 30; manhood, 250, 352 Superior, Lake, 180, 314; iron mines, 152 Swedes, 233 Symmes Purchase, 223 Talleyrand, 299 Taney, R. B., 141 Tariff, 25, 27, 170, 172, 197, 216 Taylor, Zachary, 255 Tecumthe, 134, 144 Tennessee, 122, 168, 187, 225, 252, 253; democracy, 192 Tennyson's "Ulysses," 310 Territories, system of, 168, 169 Texas, 168 Thomas, J. B., 174 Tocqueville, A. C. H. C. de, 153, 275, 303, 343 Toledo, Ohio, 231 Toleration, 355 Town meeting, 62 Towns, legislating into existence, 125; locating, Massachusetts, 76; New England and Virginia, 41; new settlements in New England, 55; South Carolina, 96; typical form of establishing in New England, 74; Virginia, 85, 86