Quakers, 105, 112, 164; in settlement of Indiana, 224 Quebec, Province of, 131 Quincy, Josiah, 208 Radisson, Sieur de, 180 Railroads, administration by regions, 322; Chicago and, 150; continental, 247; in early fifties, 137; land grants to, 276; Mississippi Valley, 304; northwestern, 145; origin, 14; speculative movement, 276; statistics, 314; western, 218 Rancher's frontier, 12, 16 Ranches, 9, 16; Virginia, 88 Rappahannock River, 84, 90; settlement, 93 Reclamation, 298 Reclamation Service, 320 Red Cloud (Indian), 144 Red River valley, 145 Redemptioners, 22, 90, 97, 100 Reformers, 281, 324; social, 262-263 Regulation, War of the, 248 Regulators, 116, 119, 120, 212 Religion of the Middle West, 345 Religious freedom of the Old West, 121 Religious spirit, Ohio Valley, 164, 165; Upland South, 164, 165 Rensselaerswyck, 80 Representation, 114, 117, 120 Republican party, 327 Research, 284, 287, 331 Revolution, American, 30 Rhodes, J. F., 24 Richmond, Va., 108 Rights, equal, 326-327, 338; of man, 192 Ripley, W. Z., 316 Robertson, James, 105, 187 Rockefeller, J. D., 260, 264-265 Rocky Mountains, 8, 9, 10, 298 Roosevelt, Theodore, 202, 204, 281, 319, 327; on the Mississippi Valley, 178; "Winning of the West," 67 Root, Elihu, 159 Roxbury, 59 Royce, Josiah, 157, 358 Rush, Richard, 317 St. Louis, 151, 161, 229 St. Paul, 137, 234 Salisbury, Mass., 56 Salt, 17; annual pilgrimage to coast for, 17 Salt springs, 17, 18 Salzburgers, 97 Sandys, Sir Edwin, 301 Sault Ste. Marie Canal, 149 Scalps, Massachusetts bounty for, 45 Scandinavians, 263, 350; Middle West, 146; Western life, 232-233, 234 Schools, early difficulties, 107; _see also_ Public schools Schurz, Carl, 337 Science, 284, 330-331 Scientific farming, 294 Scotch Highlanders, 104; Georgia, 98 Scotch-Irish, 5, 22, 71; migration in Great Valley and Piedmont, 103; Pennsylvania, 104; South Carolina, 97; Virginia, 86, 91-92 Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, 105, 109, 164 Scovillites, 116 Seaboard cities, 194, 195, 196 Seattle, 298 "Section" of land, 123, 132 Sectionalism, 27, 28, 52, 157, 215, 220, 321 Sections, relation, 159 Self-government, 169, 190, 207, 248, 275 Self-made man, 219, 318 Servants, 60, 353 Service to the Union, 358 Settlement, community type, 73, 74 Settler, 20 Sevier, John, 105, 187 Seward, W. H., 141; on the Northwest, 230; on the slavery issue in the Mississippi Valley, 199, 200 Shays' Rebellion, 112, 119, 122, 249 Sheffield, 71 Sheldon, George, 58 Shenandoah Valley, 68, 90, 91, 92, 99, 105 Sherman, W. T., 142 Sibley, H. H. (1811-1891), 272, 273, 328 Silver movement, 238, 239, 329 Simsbury, 63 Singletary, Amos, 240 Sioux Indians, 130 Six Nations, 15, 83