FOOTNOTES: [157] An increase in the percentage of the Hungarian element in Hungary at the expense of the other nationalities and particularly of the Germans is shown by official figures. The following table is instructive: _Percentages of the Population of Hungary, without Croatia (after Wallis)._ 1880 1910 Magyars 46.7 54.5 Germans 13.6 10.4 Slovaks 13.5 10.7 Rumanians 17.5 16.1 Ruthenians 2.6 2.5 Serbs and Croats 4.6 3.6 Others 1.5 2.2 But cf. in this connection B. C. Wallis: Distribution of Nationalities in Hungary, _Geogr. Journ._, Vol. 47, 1916, No. 3, pp. 183-186. [158] F. Teutsch: Die Art der Ansiedelung der Siebenbürger Sachsen, _Forsch. z. deut._ _Landes- u. Volksk._, Vol. 9, 1896, pp. 1-22. Cf. also O. Wittstock: Volkstümliches der Siebenbürger Sachsen, in the same volume. The name “Saxon” appears to have been applied indiscriminately in the Middle Ages to settlers of German speech in the Balkan peninsula. “Saxon” miners and “Saxon” bodyguards were also known in Serbian countries in that period. [159] Luxemburg and the regions comprised between Trèves, Düsseldorf and Aix-la-Chapelle furnished German colonists during the middle of the twelfth century. [160] Hungarian statistics show 2,470,000 in 1870; 2,403,000 in 1880 and 2,589,000 in 1890. [161] Cf. V. Merutiŭ: Romîniĭ între Tisa şi Carpaţĭ, raporturī etnografice, _Rev. Stiintifică Vasile Adamachi_, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1915. [162] N. Mazere: Harta etnografica a Transilvanei, 1:340,000, Inst. Geogr. al Armatei, Iasi, 1909. [163] G. Weigand: Linguistischer Atlas des dacorumänischen Sprachgebietes, Leipzig, 1909. [164] Their number is given at 750,000 by G. Murgocè and P. Papahagi in “Turcia cu privire speciala auspra Macedoniei,” Bucarest, 1911. [165] The total number of Rumanians in the Balkan peninsula is estimated at about 10,300,000, distributed as follows: Rumania, 5,489,296 or 92.5 per cent of the population; Russia, 1,121,669, of whom 920,919 are in Bessarabia; Austria-Hungary, 3,224,147, of whom 2,949,032 are in Transylvania; Greece, 373,520; Serbia, 90,000. [166] A. D. Xénopol: Les Roumains au Moyen-Âge, Paris, 1885. [167] W. R. Shepherd: Historical Atlas, New York, 1911, pp. 34, 35, 39. [168] Typical examples of seasonal migration are found in Switzerland, where conditions prevailing in the higher and the lower valleys of the Alps have induced the inhabitants to shift their residence with the seasons. [169] A similar nomadism is observable among the Rumanians of the Pindus mountains. Cf. A. J. B. Wade and M. S. Thompson: The Nomads of the Balkans: An Account of Life and Customs among the Vlachs of Northern Pindus, London, 1914. [170] About one-third of the words in Albanian are of Romanic origin. [171] _Bull. pour l’étude de l’Europe Sud-Orientale_, June, 1915, p. 112.