might otherwise prove too strong for the Constitution. Mr. Gladstone and
Mr. Bright would doubtless have gone much further in the path of reform
if unfettered by ducal retainers.
And yet, though England is still very far from the realization of that
political equality which American citizens enjoy among themselves, and
which is perhaps one of the few ascertainable benefits Frenchmen have
derived from the revolution, there can be no doubt as to the direction
in which England is advancing. Democracy is the goal of the future, and
it is even in sight, though a long way off. For instance, considerable
as is the parliamentary influence of certain noblemen in the present
day, it is influence and no more. Before the Reform act of 1832, the
parliamentary "influence" of a peer, as it was euphemistically termed,
meant that he had the absolute disposal of one or more seats in the
House of Commons. The Duke of Norfolk, as before mentioned, returned
eleven members, the Duke of Richmond three, Lord Buckingham six, the
Duke of Newcastle seven. In the year 1820, out of the twenty-six
prelates sitting in the House of Lords, only six were not directly or
indirectly connected with the peerage; while the value of some of the
sees was enormous. Now public opinion is too formidable to allow of
jobbery that is not very discreetly managed, and a great deal no doubt
is thus managed. But appearances must be kept up.
E. C. GRENVILLE MURRAY.
MISS MISANTHROPE.
BY JUSTIN MCCARTHY.
CHAPTER IV.
"OH, MUCH DESIRED PRIZE, SWEET LIBERTY!"
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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