------- ------- | | | | | | 3. | - | 4. | 0 | 1 | | | | | | | ------- ------- __________ Taking x="good riddles"; y="hard"; ------- ------- | | | | | | 5. | 1 | | 6. | 1 | 0 | | | | | | | ------- ------- ------- ------- | | | | | | 7. | 0 | 0 | 8. | 0 | | | | | | | | ------- ------- __________ [See pp. 61, 2] Taking x="lobster"; y="selfish"; ------- ------- | | | | | | 9. | | 1 | 10. | 0 | | | | | | | | ------- ------- ------- ------- | | | | | | 11. | 0 | 1 | 12. | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | ------- ------- __________ ----- | | x | | | |--y'-| | | x' | | | ----- Taking y="healthy people"; x="happy"; --- --- --- --- | 0 | | | | 1 | | 0 | 13. |---| 14. |-1-| 15. |---| 16. |---| | 1 | | | | 1 | | | --- --- --- --- [See p. 62] 4. Smaller Diagram. Propositions to be represented. ----------- | | | | x | |--y--|--y'-| | x' | | | | ----------- __________ 1. All y are x. 2. Some y are not-x. 3. No not-x are not-y. 4. Some x are not-y. 5. Some not-y are x. 6. No not-x are y. 7. Some not-x are not-y. 8. All not-x are not-y. 9. Some not-y exist. 10. No not-x exist. 11. Some y are x, and some are not-x. 12. All x are y, and all not-y are not-x. [See pp. 62, 3] Taking "nations" as Universe; x="civilised"; y="warlike"; 13. No uncivilised nation is warlike. 14. All unwarlike nations are uncivilised. 15. Some nations are unwarlike. 16. All warlike nations are civilised, and all civilised nations are warlike. 17. No nation is uncivilised. __________ Taking "crocodiles" as Universe; x="hungry"; and y="amiable"; 18. All hungry crocodiles are unamiable.