----------- | | | | --x-- | | | | | | |--y--m--y'-| | | | | | | --x'- | | | | ----------- __________ 1. No x are m. 2. Some y are m'. 3. All m are x'. 4. No m' are y'. 5. No m are x; All y are m. 6. Some x are m; No y are m. 7. All m are x'; No m are y. 8. No x' are m; No y' are m'. [See pp. 67,8] Taking "rabbits" as Universe; m="greedy"; x="old"; and y="black"; represent 9. No old rabbits are greedy. 10. Some not-greedy rabbits are black. 11. All white rabbits are free from greediness. 12. All greedy rabbits are young. 13. No old rabbits are greedy; All black rabbits are greedy. 14. All rabbits, that are not greedy, are black; No old rabbits are free from greediness. __________ Taking "birds" as Universe; m="that sing loud"; x="well-fed"; and y="happy"; represent 15. All well-fed birds sing loud; No birds, that sing loud, are unhappy. 16. All birds, that do not sing loud, are unhappy; No well-fed birds fail to sing loud. __________ Taking "persons" as Universe; m="in the house"; x="John"; and y="having a tooth-ache"; represent 17. John is in the house; Everybody in the house is suffering from tooth-ache. 18. There is no one in the house but John; Nobody, out of the house, has a tooth-ache. __________ [See pp. 68-70] Taking "persons" as Universe; m="I"; x="that has taken a walk"; y="that feels better"; represent 19. I have been out for a walk; I feel much better. __________ Choosing your own 'Universe' &c., represent 20. I sent him to bring me a kitten; He brought me a kettle by mistake. [See pp. 70, 1] 7. Both Diagrams to be employed. __________ ----------- | | | ----------- | --x-- | | | | | | | | | | x | |--y--m--y'-| |--y--|--y'-| | | | | | | x' | | --x'- | | | | | | | ----------- ----------- __________ N.B. In each Question, a small Diagram should be drawn, for x and y only, and marked in accordance with the given large Diagram: and then as many Propositions as possible, for x and y, should be read off from this small Diagram. ----------- ----------- |0 | | | | | | --|-- | | --|-- | | |0 | 0| | | |0 | 1| | 1. |--|--|--|--| 2. |--|--|--|--| | |1 | | | | |0 | | | | --|-- | | --|-- | |0 | | | | | ----------- -----------