It is not desirable or possible uniformly to establish one particular
scheme of departmentalizing work between teachers or of rotating classes
between different types of facilities. The only important thing is so to
departmentalize teaching and so to rotate classes that the teachers may
render the greatest service with the least expenditure of energy, and
that the maximum use may be secured from the school plant and other
child-welfare facilities.
WILLIAM WIRT.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE GARY SCHOOLS
I
THE COMMUNITY SETTING
TO set the Gary schools in their proper perspective, one must discount
at the start any prevailing impression that the distinctive traits are
due to peculiar local conditions, or to the enlightened philanthropy of
the United States Steel Corporation, which founded the town in 1906 as
the site for its new plant, the most complete system of steel mills west
of Pittsburg. For to the steel officials the building of the town was
incidental to the creation of the plant. Gary in consequence is far less
of a “satellite city” than other made-to-order towns. The opportunity to
plan the city, provide fundamental necessities for community life,
determine the character of the housing, and predestine the lines of
growth, all in the best and most enlightened way, was taken advantage of
by the Steel Corporation only in part. Very little of the marvelous
science and engineering skill that went into the making of the steel
plant went into the even more important task of creating a model city.
Several hundred houses were built, it is true, for the skilled labor and
officialdom of the plants, but practically no attempt was made to house
the low-paid unskilled labor. The result has been the development of
large tracts by land speculators, and all the problems of congestion and
bad housing and sanitation that curse the larger industrial cities. The
connection of the Steel Corporation with the town has been throughout
that of any land and development company. Communal problems have all
been thrown upon the people themselves to solve. The new community was
incorporated as soon as possible as a municipality under the laws of the
State of Indiana, and has organized all its municipal functions,
including the public schools, in entire independence of the Steel
Corporation, with which it has had no more political or institutional
connection than any ordinary American town has with its local industrial
interests. The Corporation has by no means paid more than its share of
the local taxes, and the schools, in particular, have not only been
quite free from the Corporation influence or support, but have even at
times run so far counter to the approval of the Corporation officials
that the school administration has had difficulty in acquiring its
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