The Gases of the Atmosphere: The History of Their DiscoveryRamsay, William
History
The Gases of the Atmosphere: The History of Their Discovery
Ramsay, William
Air; Argon; Chemistry -- History
M. Berthelot, the celebrated French chemist, has stated that, on
exposing argon mixed with benzene vapour to a rain of electric sparks,
he has succeeded in causing argon to combine. Its volume certainly
decreases, but whether this decrease is to be attributed to true
combination or not is very doubtful. The benzene is converted into
a resinous mass, which coats the walls of the tube; and it is not
improbable that the argon may be dissolved, or even mechanically
retained, in the resinous deposit. Helium, a gas closely resembling
argon in properties, may be made to enter into a similar combination
with metallic platinum, if combination it can be called; but the amount
absorbed in both cases is extremely minute, and the gas is evolved
unchanged on heating the resin or the metal.
Professor Ramsay has also made experiments on the action of a silent
electric discharge upon a mixture of argon with the vapour of carbon
tetrachloride; the latter decomposes, giving, not a resin, but crystals
of hexachlorobenzene and free chlorine; but the volume of the argon was
unchanged. It was all recovered without loss. Lastly, the rare elements
titanium and uranium have been heated to redness in a current of argon
with no alteration or absorption of the gas. In short, all likely
agents have been tried as absorbents for argon, but in no case has any
true chemical combination been obtained.
These failures to produce compounds make it impossible to gain any
knowledge regarding the atomic weight of argon by a study of its
compounds, for it forms none. It is, indeed, in the highest degree
improbable that, had compounds existed, none should have been found
in Nature. There are, it is true, a few elements, such as platinum
and those resembling it, which always occur native, _i.e._ in the
elementary state; but even they yield to the attack of the agents tried
with argon. It cannot, of course, be stated with absolute certainty
that no element can combine with argon; but it appears at least
improbable that any compounds will be formed.
It was therefore necessary to adopt some other method in attempting to
determine the atomic weight of argon,--some method dependent on its
physical rather than its chemical properties, for argon, unlike almost
all other elements, appears to be devoid of chemical properties.
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