Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph R. Hauser, Joseph Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 18, No. 1, pp. 1-10 September 24, 1968 The Genera of Phyllomedusine Frogs (Anura: Hylidae) BY WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE 1968 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors of this number: Frank B. Cross, Philip S. Humphrey, J. Knox Jones, Jr. Volume 18, No. 1, pp. 1-10 Published September 24, 1968 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED BY ROBERT R. (BOB) SANDERS, STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1968 32-3687 The Genera of Phyllomedusine Frogs (Anura: Hylidae) BY WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN One of the most distinctive phyletic lines among the diverse Neotropical hylid frogs is composed of a group of 40 species placed in the genus _Phyllomedusa_ (Funkhouser, 1957) or in two or three different genera (Goin, 1961; Lutz, 1966). These species differ from all other Neotropical hylids by possessing a vertical, instead of horizontal, pupil. The only other hylids having a vertical pupil belong to the Papuan genus _Nyctimystes_. Goin (1961) erroneously stated that _Nyctimantis_ and _Triprion_ have vertical pupils. Although limited information is available on the cytotaxonomy of hylids, the data show that phyllomedusine species have _n_=13 (2_n_=26) chromosomes. _Acris_ has _n_=11 (2_n_=22) (Cole, 1966). Members of the _Hyla leucophyllata_, _microcephala_, and _parviceps_ groups have _n_=15 (2_n_=30), _Gastrotheca ceratophrys_ has a haploid number of 14, the Papuan hylid genus _Nyctimystes_ and all but one of the Australo-Papuan _Hyla_ for which the numbers are known have a haploid number of 13, and all other New World hylids studied have _n_=12 (2_n_=24) (Duellman and Cole, 1965; Duellman, 1967). Cei (1963) and Cei and Erspamer (1966) noted that phyllomedusine frogs differ notably from other Neotropical hylids on the basis of the amines and polypeptides in the skin. All species of phyllomedusines deposit their eggs in a gelatinous mass on leaves or branches above water. Although this type of egg deposition is characteristic of some rhacophorines and apparently all centrolenids, it is known among hylids only in the phyllomedusines and in two species of _Hyla_. The distinctive combination of morphological, physiological, chromosomal, and behavioral characteristics is strongly suggestive that these frogs represent an early phyletic divergence within the Hylidae. Guenther (1859) proposed the familial name Phyllomedusidae for _Phyllomedusa bicolor_ (Boddaert). I suggest the recognition of the group as a subfamily. The following classification of the phyllomedusines is based on my own knowledge of the Middle American and some South American species and on evidence from the literature on those South American species with which I am not personally familiar.