The known life histories of most species of _Phyllomedusa_, all species of _Agalychnis_, and that of _Pachymedusa_ are similar. Characteristically the tadpoles are generalized pelagic types that develop in ponds, but at least some of the small specialized _Phyllomedusa_ in southeastern Brazil have stream-adapted tadpoles with funnel-shaped mouths (Cochran, 1955; Bokermann, 1966). Knowledge of the life histories of the other species of _Phyllomedusa_ should aid in the interpretation of the phylogenetic relationships of the several groups of frogs now assigned to that genus. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Linda Trueb who provided the osteological data included, and who helped me in formulating some of the ideas expressed in the discussion. This paper is a result of investigations on hylid frogs supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF-GB-5818). LITERATURE CITED BOKERMANN, W. C. A 1966. A new _Phyllomedusa_ from southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 22:293-297. CEI, J. M 1963. Some precipitin tests and preliminary remarks on the systematic relationships of four South American families of frogs. Bull. Serological Mus., 30:4-6. CEI, J. M. and V. ERSPAMER 1966. Biochemical taxonomy of South American amphibians by means of skin amines and polypeptides. Copeia, no. 1:74-8. COCHRAN, D. M 1955. Frogs of southeastern Brazil. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 206; xvi + 423 pp. COLE, C. J 1966. The chromosomes of _Acris crepitans blanchardi_ Harper (Anura: Hylidae). Copeia, no. 3:578-580. COPE, E. D 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 16:166-181. 1866. On the structures and distribution of the genera of arciferous Anura. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, 6:67-112. DUELLMAN, W. E 1967. Additional studies on chromosomes of anuran amphibians. Syst. Zool., 16:38-43. DUELLMAN, W. E. and C. J. COLE 1965. Studies of chromosomes of some anuran amphibians (Hylidae and Centrolenidae). Syst. Zool., 14:139-143. DUMERIL, A. H 1853. Memoire sur les batraciens anoures de la famille des hylaeformes ou rainettes comprenant la description d'un genre nouveau et de onze especes nouvelles. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, 19:135-179. DUNN, E. R 1931. The herpetological fauna of the Americas. Copeia, no. 3:106-119. FUNKHOUSER, A 1957. A review of the Neotropical tree-frogs of the genus _Phyllomedusa_. Occas. Papers Nat. Hist. Mus., Stanford Univ., 5:1-90. 1962. A new _Phyllomedusa_ from Venezuela. Copeia, no. 3:588-590. GOIN, C. J 1961. Synopsis of the genera of hylid frogs. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 36:5-18.