The genetic and the operative evidence relating to secondary sexual charactersMorgan, Thomas Hunt
Science
The genetic and the operative evidence relating to secondary sexual characters
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
Genetics; Poultry; Sex (Biology)
Several years ago some crosses between gold and silver Campines were
reported by Rev. E. Lewis Jones. The results are consistent with the
view that a sex-linked factor pair is responsible for this difference in
color, although the author does not apply this view to his results. The
results may be seen in the table on page 16, to which Jones has
prefixed the number of individuals. The cross also involved
hen-feathering _versus_ cock-feathering, which appears here (as in other
cases) to be a non-sex-linked dominant factor. As stated above there are
in the results a few apparent inconsistencies with this interpretation,
due possibly to heterozygous females having been used in the crosses.
Lefevre crossed Silver Spangled Hamburgs and Brown Leghorns. The
spangling was found to be a sex-linked dominant factor. A spangled cock
bred to a Leghorn hen gives spangled sons and daughters; a spangled hen
by a Leghorn male gave spangled sons and not spangled daughters. The
daughters do not transmit spangling. Other factors may obscure the
results, especially factors for black, or the localization of the
pattern. Lefevre says “it would seem probable that multiple factors for
black, introduced by the Brown Leghorns, are present, and that these
factors may have a cumulative effect, with the result that pigmentation
is developed to varying degrees of extension.” Whether the factors for
black spoken of as coming from the Leghorns are dominant wild-type
factors that have mutant allelomorphs in the Silver Spangled Hamburg is
not entirely clear from the quotation.
Baur gives in his Introduction to the Study of Heredity (1914, pp.
202-203) some results (unpublished) that Hagedoorn had obtained by
crossing gold and silver races of Assendelver birds. The factor is
sex-linked and is no doubt the same factor reported by Jones for gold
and silver Campines and by Sturtevant for Columbian Wyandottes. Silver
dominates gold and the sex relations are the same as those already
reported by others for poultry, viz, the male is ZZ, the female ZW. Gold
hens by a heterozygous silver[6] gave 162 silver cocks, 163 silver hens,
168 gold cocks, 160 gold hens, expressed graphically (_g_ for gold, _s_
for silver):
Zᵍ--W♀ × Z--Zᵍ♂
-----------------
ZˢZᵍ--ZᵍZᵍ--ZˢW--ZᵍW
Silver Gold Silver Gold
male male female female
When a silver hen was united to a gold cock there were 246 silver cocks
and 243 gold hens--crisscross inheritance.
_Summary._
From the standpoint of the Brown Leghorn type representing the wild
type, the following colors and patterns represent dominant mutations
from that type:
_Dominants._
White of White Leghorn.
Silver of Dark Brahma.
Black of Minorca.
Lacing of Brahma.
Barring of Plymouth Rock.
Black (?) of Plymouth Rock.
Buff (or red).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account