Produced by Al Haines [Transcriber's note: Extensive research found no evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.] The Geneva Protocol by DAVID HUNTER MILLER New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1925 All Rights Reserved PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. COPYRIGHT, 1925, By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and printed. Published March, 1925. {v} FOREWORD The sources and history of the Protocol of Geneva of course go far back of its date, October 2, 1924. I have not attempted to trace them except in so far as they have a direct bearing on my legal study of the Document itself. The form of the Protocol of Geneva is certainly not yet finally written; consideration of its legal aspects is perhaps therefore all the more desirable at this time. The Protocol of Geneva is one chapter in the history of the League of Nations, the history of international relations of our time. D. H. M. New York City, December, 1924. {vii} CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE PROTOCOL OF GENEVA .................................... 1 II. POINTS OF APPROACH ........................................ 3 III. THE COMING INTO FORCE OF THE PROTOCOL ..................... 5 IV. PARTIES TO THE PROTOCOL ................................... 10 V. RELATIONS INTER SE OF THE SIGNATORIES TO THE PROTOCOL ..... 13 VI. INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES .................................... 18 VII. THE STATUS QUO ............................................ 28 VIII. DOMESTIC QUESTIONS ........................................ 46 IX. COVENANTS AGAINST WAR ..................................... 50 X. AGGRESSION ................................................ 54 XI. THE JAPANESE AMENDMENT .................................... 64 XII. SANCTIONS ................................................. 72 XIII. SEPARATE DEFENSIVE AGREEMENTS ............................. 82 XIV. THE PROTOCOL AND ARTICLE TEN OF THE COVENANT .............. 84 XV. THE PROTOCOL AS TO NON-SIGNATORIES ........................ 86 XVI. THE DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE ................................ 87 XVII. DEMILITARIZED ZONES ....................................... 101 XVIII. SECURITY AND THE PROTOCOL ................................. 103 XIX. INTERPRETATION OF THE PROTOCOL ............................ 104 XX. THE "AMENDED" COVENANT .................................... 106 {viii} ANNEXES. A. THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS .......................... 117 B. THE PROTOCOL OF GENEVA ......................................... 132 C. THE REPORT TO THE FIFTH ASSEMBLY ............................... 156 D. RESOLUTIONS .................................................... 210 E. REPORT OF THE BRITISH DELEGATES ................................ 217 F. THE AMERICAN PLAN .............................................. 263