Spring-shoots pubescent. Leaves from 7 to 10 cm. long, serrulate; stomata dorsal and ventral; resin-ducts external or with one or two ventral medial ducts. Cones from 30 to 50 cm. long, pendent, subcylindrical, tapering to a rounded apex; apophyses pale nut-brown, thick, a narrow border of the under surface showing on the closed cone, the margin rounded or tapering to a blunt slightly reflexed tip; seed with a large nut and a broad short opaque wing. The Sugar Pine is the tallest of the genus and attains a height of 50 or 60 metres. It grows on mountain slopes and the sides of ravines. Its southern limit is in Lower California on the plateau of San Pedro Martir, its northern limit is in western Oregon. The wood is valuable, its nuts are eaten by native Indians, and the sweet exudation, which gives the tree its popular name, is a manna-like substance of some officinal value. P. Lambertiana is recognized by its long cone and by the constant dorsal stomata of its leaves. Plate X. (leaves and cone much reduced). Fig. 100, Cone and seed. Fig. 101, Conelet. Fig. 102, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. [Illustration: PLATE X. P. LAMBERTIANA (100-102), AYACAHUITE (103-107)] 8. PINUS PARVIFLORA 1784 P. cembra Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 274. (not Linnaeus). 1842 P. parviflora Siebold and Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 27, t. 115. 1890 P. pentaphylla Mayr, Mon. Abiet. Jap. 78, 94, t. 6. 1908 P. morrisonicola Hayata in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, xliii. 194. 1908 P. formosana Hayata in Jour. Linn. Soc. xxxviii. 297, t. 22. Spring-shoots pubescent or glabrous; branches becoming studded with prominent resin-cells of the cortex. Leaves from 3 to 8 cm. long, slender, serrulate; stomata ventral only; resin-ducts external and dorsal. Cones subsessile, often persistent, from 5 to 10 cm. long, patulous or horizontal, short-ovate, or elongate and slightly conical; apophyses nut-brown, abruptly convex near the apex, or irregularly warped, varying much in size, the umbo confluent with the thin margin of the scale and resting on the apophysis beneath; seeds with a large nut and a short broad wing, often temporarily adherent to the cone-scale and breaking apart at the fall of the nut. A tree of the mountains of Japan and Formosa, cultivated extensively. It is recognized by its very short quinate leaves and by its nearly sessile cones. The frequent but not invariable retention of the seed-wing in the cone is due to adhesion. Many seeds fall with their wings intact, others break away from the wing which, after a while, loosens and also falls. Plate XI. Figs. 114, 115, Three cones and seed. Fig. 116, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. 9. PINUS PEUCE 1844 P. peuce Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumel. ii. 349. 1865 P. excelsa Hooker in Jour. Linn. Soc. viii. 145. (not Wallich).