1832 P. cembroides Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. i. 392. 1838 P. Llaveana Schiede in Linnaea, xii. 488. 1845 P. monophylla Torrey in Frémont's Rep. 319, t. 4. 1847 P. Fremontiana Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 183. 1848 P. edulis Engelmann in Wislizenus, Tour. Mex. 88. 1848 P. osteosperma Engelmann in Wislizenus, Tour. Mex. 89. 1862 P. Parryana Engelmann in Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiv. 332 (not Gordon). 1897 P. quadrifolia Sudworth, Bull. 14, U. S. Dep. Agric. 17. 1903 Caryopitys edulus Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 29. Spring-shoots pruinose. Leaves from 2 to 6 cm. long, in fascicles of 1 to 5, the sheath-scales revolute at the apex, then deciduous; stomata ventral, or ventral and dorsal; resin-ducts external. Scales of the conelet armed with a minute prickle. Cones from 4 to 6 cm. long, subglobose, subsessile; apophyses lustrous ochre-yellow, crowned with a quadrilateral umbo bearing the minute prickle of the conelet; seed flaxen yellow when fresh, its testa bare, the spermoderm adnate to the cone-scale. A broad tree with a round head, similar in size and form, but not in ramification, to the cultivated Apple-tree; growing on arid slopes and table-lands. Its eastern limit is in southwestern Wyoming, central Colorado, Texas, western Tamaulipas and northwestern Vera Cruz. It ranges over Utah, Nevada, Arizona and the northern states of Mexico to the southern Sierras of California and to the northern and southern extremities of Lower California. It is recognized by its small cone, which expands, when open, into an irregular flat aggregate of loosely attached scales. The leaves are shorter than those of the other Pines of this group. The cone of this species always retains its peculiar character. The variations are mainly in the number of leaves in the fascicle. On this character this Nut Pine is divided by many authors into four species--cembroides, with three slender leaves--edulis, with two stout leaves--monophylla, with one leaf and--Parryana, with four stout leaves. But there are intermediate forms that may be either cembroides or edulis, edulis or monophylla etc., and Voss's reduction of the four to a single species with three varieties seems to be justified (Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. xvi. 95). Plate XIII. Fig. 130, Cone, cone-scale and seed. Fig. 131, Open cone. Fig. 132, Branchlet with leaves and magnified leaf-section. 14. PINUS PINCEANA 1846 P. cembroides Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. i. 236, f. (not Zuccarini). 1858 P. Pinceana Gordon, Pinet. 204. 1882 P. latisquama Engelmann in Gard. Chron. ser. 2, xviii. 712. f. 125 (as to cone only).