Fig. 201, Cone of var. densata. Fig. 202, Cone of var. yunnanensis. Fig. 203, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section of var. yunnanensis. Fig. 204, Cone and leaf-fascicle from a rocky ledge. Fig. 205, Cone, leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section of the typical form. Fig. 206, Seeds. Fig. 207, Conelet and its enlarged scale. 36. PINUS INSULARIS 1837 P. taeda Blanco, Fl. Filip. 767 (not Linnaeus). 1847 P. insularis Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 157. 1854 P. khasiana Griffith, Notul. Pl. Asiat. iv. 18; Icon. Pl. Asiat. tt. 367, 368. 1868 P. kasya Royle ex Parlatore in DC. Prodr. xvi-2, 390. Spring-shoots uninodal, glabrous. Leaves from 12 to 24 cm. long, in fascicles of 3, rarely of 2, very slender; resin-ducts external, rarely with a medial duct. Conelets mucronate. Cones from 5 to 10 cm. long, ovate-conic, symmetrical or oblique, tenaciously persistent; apophyses lustrous, nut-brown, convex or elevated along a transverse keel, the posterior scales of some cones larger and more prominent than the anterior scales, the mucro usually deciduous. A species of the Philippines and of northern Burmah. In both countries it is locally exploited for wood and resin. It differs from the common form of P. sinensis by its much longer leaves, and from its var. yunnanensis, which it more resembles, by its much more slender and pliant leaves. Moreover its cone, so far as I can learn, is not yellow at maturity, but brown. Plate XXIII. Figs. 208, 209, Three cones. Fig. 210, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. [Illustration: PLATE XXIII. P. MERKUSII (198-200), SINENSIS (201-207), INSULARIS (208-210)] =XI. AUSTRALES= Pits of the ray-cells small. Leaf-hypoderm biform or variable. Spring-shoots uninodal in some, multinodal in other species. Cones dehiscent at maturity. This group combines the dehiscent cone of the Lariciones with the wood-anatomy of the serotinous Pines. Also the multinodal spring-shoot first appears here and is gradually developed among the species, absent in Nos. 37-39, sometimes present in Nos. 40-43, and prevalent in Nos. 44-47. All the species are of the Western Hemisphere, and among them may be found the biform hypoderm of the leaf, the internal resin-duct, and the total absence of external resin-ducts, characters common in American Hard Pines. The eastern species are quite constant in their characters and present no varietal forms; the western species, on the other hand, are very variable. This difference may be due to the even level and slight climatic differences of the Atlantic states and to the remarkable diversity of altitude and climate of the western states and Mexico.