HUXLEY (1869), FLOWER (1870). CARUS (1868). { 1. Primates. { 1. Primates { { { 5. Prosimii. { 2. Chiroptera 2. Chiroptera. { 3. Insectivora 3. Insectivora. { { 6. Carnivora. { 4. Carnivora { { { 7. Pinnipedia. Monodelphia { 5. Cetacea } { } 12. Natantia. { 6. Sirenia } { {10. Artiodactyla. { 7. Ungulata { { {11. Perissodactyla. { 8. Proboscidea 9. Proboscidea. { 9. Hyracoidea 8. Lamnungia. { 10. Rodentia 4. Rodentia. { 11. Edentata 13. Bruta. { Didelphia 12. Marsupialia 14. Marsupialia. Ornithodelphia 13. Monotremata 15. Monotremata. {86}The above series of orders is arranged according to Professor Flower's _Osteology of Mammalia_, and they will follow in this succession throughout my work. Professor Huxley arranges the same orders in a different series. In determining the manner in which the several orders shall be subdivided into families, I have been guided in my choice of classifications mainly by the degree of attention the author appears to have paid to the group, and his known ability as a systematic zoologist; and in a less degree by considerations of convenience as regards the special purposes of geographical distribution. In many cases it is a matter of great doubt whether a certain group should form several distinct families or be united into one or two; but one method may bring out the peculiarities of distribution much better than the other, and this is, in our case, a sufficient reason for adopting it. For the Primates I follow, with some modifications, the classification of Mr. St. George Mivart given in his article "Apes" in the new edition of the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, and in his paper in the _Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London_, 1865, p. 547. It is as follows: Order--PRIMATES, divided into two Sub-orders: I. Anthropoidea. II. Lemuroidea. Sub-order--ANTHROPOIDEA. Fam. Hominidæ Man. { 1. Simiidæ Anthropoid Apes. Simii { 2. Semnopithecidæ Old-world Monkeys. { 3. Cynopithecidæ Baboons and Macaques. Cebii { 4. Cebidæ American Monkeys. { 5. Hapalidæ Marmosets. Sub-order--LEMUROIDEA. Fam. 6. Lemuridæ Lemurs. 7. Tarsiidæ Tarsiers. 8. Chiromyidæ Aye-ayes.