A contemporary of Adelard of Bath was the Jew, Peter Alphonsi[405] (or Petrus Anfusi), who was baptized in 1106 at the age of forty-five and subsequently became an ardent devotee of Christianity. His _Dialogus cum Judeo_ contains references to Arin and a few significant observations on astronomical geography. JOHN OF SEVILLE; PLATO OF TIVOLI In 1135 John of Seville (also known as Johannes Hispanensis, or John of Luna) translated Al-Farghānī’s _On the Elements of Astronomy_,[406] a work from which John of Holywood borrowed much of the materials that he incorporated into his _De sphaera_ and which thereby was fated to produce a profound effect on the future development of astronomical geography during the later Middle Ages. Gerard of Cremona also translated the same work.[407] From about 1140 dates Plato of Tivoli’s version of the _Astronomy_ of Al-Battānī,[408] a close rendering into Latin of Al-Battānī’s chapters on the theory of astronomy but not of the astronomical and geographical tables that followed in the original Arabic. Our interest in the chapters lies in the fact that they contain (Chapter 6) a brief general description of the inhabited earth widely differing from those found in contemporary Latin geographical works. “MARSEILLES TABLES” AND “TOLEDO TABLES” Preserved in a twelfth-century manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale is a set of astronomical tables for Marseilles dating from 1140, the work of a certain Raymond of Marseilles.[409] The _Canons_, or introductory explanation, of these tables are drawn largely from the astronomical _Canons_ of Az-Zarqalī;[410] the tables are an adaptation for the meridian of Marseilles of the _Toledo Tables_. Both Az-Zarqalī’s _Canons_ and the _Toledo Tables_, with their modifications like the Marseilles set, contained not a little incidental material of importance from the point of view of astronomical geography, including a list of cities with their latitudes and longitudes derived ultimately from Al-Khwārizmī.[411] That this material enjoyed wide popularity during our period and later is proved by the existence of a large number of manuscripts.[412] One of the translations of Az-Zarqualī’s _Canons_ was done by the hand of the famous Gerard of Cremona, as we have already seen in Chapter III.[413] ROBERT OF RETINES; HERMANN THE DALMATIAN; DANIEL OF MORLEY