The geography and geology of south-eastern EgyptBall, John
Science
The geography and geology of south-eastern Egypt
Ball, John
Geology -- Egypt; Physical geography -- Egypt
=Wadi Kalalat= heads in the north-west portion of Gebel Kalalat, and
courses nearly eastward to reach the sea in latitude 23° 52′. For
the first two-thirds of its course of about thirty kilometres,
Wadi Kalalat is shut in by high hills, and falls rather rapidly. At
its head a rough steep pass is said to exist into the head of Wadi
Shut. After passing round the north flank of Gebel Kalalat, the wadi
receives two small tributaries called =Wadi Um Maiat= and =Wadi el
Dibag lil Batoga=, the former draining the north-east face of Gebel
Kalalat and the latter the north-west face of Gebel Batoga. After
receiving Wadi Dibag, the Wadi Kalalat makes a bend northward for
about two kilometres, then turns south-eastward to the opening of
the hills on the coast-plain. About two kilometres above the point
where it leaves the hills, on the south side of the main wadi,
is a rocky gully containing the =Galt Batoga= a rock basin which
contained good water in 1907 and which is very easy of access in
a few minutes from the main wadi. About one and a half kilometres
further down, the small =Wadi Um Sellim=, draining the north-east
parts of Gebel Batoga, joins the Wadi Kalalat just before it opens on
to the coast-plain. The course of Wadi Kalalat from here to the sea,
about eleven kilometres, is ill-marked, over a sandy plain. A ruined
enclosure of considerable size, called =Garia Kalalat=, lies close
south of the wadi about seven kilometres from the sea.
=Wadi Um Goran= is a small wadi draining by many heads from the
east face of Gebel Batoga and its foot hills to the sea in latitude
23° 50′.
=Wadi Kunserob=, draining the south parts of Gebels Kalalat and
Batoga, courses at first nearly southwards, then curves round south
of Gebel Dibag, and after receiving =Wadi Dibag lil Kunserob= from
the north-west, proceeds eastward through the hills and across six
kilometres of sandy coast-plain to the sea in latitude 23° 47′.
=Wadi Abu Berigâ= is a short drainage line from among the hills to
the sea, a little south of Wadi Kunserob.
=Wadi Khoda= is an important main drainage channel some forty-five
kilometres in length, coursing a little north of eastward to reach
the sea in latitude 23° 43′. For the greater part of its length
it is shut in by high hills, only the last six kilometres being
across the sandy coast-plain. With a basin approximately 780 square
kilometres in area, it drains the mountains of Abu Dahr, Dahanib,
Shut, Reyan, Shenshef, Hindia, and Um Akra, some of which rise to
over 1,000 metres above the sea; it thus receives a fair amount of
water in rainy years, and is well supplied with trees and bushes. Its
average fall is about nine metres per kilometre.
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