The geography and geology of south-eastern EgyptBall, John
Science
The geography and geology of south-eastern Egypt
Ball, John
Geology -- Egypt; Physical geography -- Egypt
The =Wadi Abu Debebi lil Betan=, which joins Betan on the north about
three kilometres below the wells, leads by an easy pass into =Wadi
Abu Debebi lil Khoda=, one of the heads of Wadi Khoda, and forms
the nearest way to the coast from Bir Betan. =Wadi Abu Sieiyil=
is a small feeder entering Betan from the south, three kilometres
further down. The principal remaining tributaries of Betan are the
Wadis Hefeiri, Abu Beid, and Egat. =Wadi Hefeiri= runs westward
from near the Abu Debebi pass, and turning south near Gebel Hendusi,
receives the =Rod el Hendusi= just before entering Betan. =Wadi Abu
Beid el Azrak= originates near Gebel Abu Sieiyil west of Abu Dahr,
and flows southwards to join =Wadi Abu Beid el Abiad=, which in turn
flows into Wadi Betan. A well, =Bir Abu Beid=, is situated near the
junction of Wadi Abu Beid el Abiad and Wadi Abu Beid el Azrak, where
there are numerous seyal trees; it was yielding a fair quantity of
good water in 1906. Of the =Wadi Egat=, nothing has been seen; it
is, however, stated by the Arabs to originate in the rugged hilly
tract south of Gebel Abu Dahr, and to join Wadi Betan lower down
its course than Abu Beid.
=Wadi Dif= originates in the sandstone hills round Bir Dif, and
pursues a very sinuous north-easterly course, cutting through the
high sandstone plateau which is named Gebel Hodein to the north,
and Gebel Dif to the south of it. For the major part of its length
of twenty-nine kilometres it is very narrow, with very high steep
sandstone scarps on either side, but it is a little more open near
its origin, where Wadi Feqoh joins it, and in its lower part it
winds as a broad sandy valley through the low hills which separate
the Wadi Hodein from the high sandstone plateaux; it joins Wadi
Hodein close to the meridian of 35°. Except the Wadi Feqoh, which
is of immense length, and drains a very large area, Wadi Dif has
only a few insignificant feeders. Of these, =Talet Um Karaba= and
=Wadi Enqireidia= enter from the south plateau near the place where
Wadi Dif leaves the high sandstone hills; and =Wadi Gelabat Shabai=,
coursing north-east through the low hill country flanking the plateau,
joins Wadi Dif just above its junction with Hodein.
=Bir Dif= is situated in a small gully forming the head of Wadi Dif,
in latitude 23° 12′ 42″. To a traveller coming up Wadi Dif,
Wadi Feqoh forms the main continuation of Wadi Dif, and the gully
containing Bir Dif appears to be a lateral tributary coming in
from the west; but the Arabs restrict the name Dif to the drainage
line below the spring, and apply the name Feqoh to all the upper
main channel. Bir Dif is a spring forming two pools of good water,
situated about a kilometre up the gully, at the junction of sandstone
and schists. The approach to the pools is very stony, but camels
can easily reach the water; the spring is 290 metres above sea-level.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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