The geography and geology of south-eastern EgyptBall, John
Science
The geography and geology of south-eastern Egypt
Ball, John
Geology -- Egypt; Physical geography -- Egypt
=Wadi Beida= originates at a pass 395 metres above sea-level, six
kilometres west of the summit of Gebel Beida, where a road leads over
into Wadi Khashab. From the pass Beida courses south-east for seven
kilometres, receiving feeders from the high hills on either side. It
then turns abruptly at an acute angle, following a northerly direction
for one and a half kilometres; then turning east for one kilometre,
it receives a great feeder draining the south slopes of Wadi Beida,
afterwards turning south for one and a half kilometres to a point
marked by the ruin of a small well built stone structure, in which
mortar and stucco has been used. From this point the wadi follows
a winding course, at first south-east but gradually working round
into a north-easterly direction, as a narrow gorge through the high
hills of Gebel Beida. Just where the wadi begins to turn northward,
about one and a half kilometres below the ruin above-mentioned, are
the two wells called =Bir Beida=. The upper well is at the opening
of a defile leading south-eastward to a pass, forming the point
of departure in the nearest road from Bir Beida to Bir Meneiga;
this well was dry in November 1907. The lower well is about 500
metres further down the wadi, at a sharp bend in its course; it is
an excavation in the alluvium of the wadi floor, and was yielding
good water in 1907 from a depth of about six metres. The Arabs say
that the supply at this well only fails after three or four years
without rainfall, but the water only infiltrates slowly, so that
after it has been emptied by a caravan it requires a day or so to
refill. The top of the well is 205 metres above sea-level.
About four kilometres below the well, Wadi Beida emerges from the high
hills, and crosses a tract of much lower hill country seven kilometres
wide, receiving in this part of its course many feeders from the
eastern face of Gebel Beida; it then divides, still preserving its
general north-easterly direction, into a number of shallow channels
coursing across the sandy plain to join the Wadi Hodein.
From Bir Beida the nearest wells are Bir Meneiga and Bir Shalatein;
the water of the latter is, however, very salt and only drinkable
by camels. To Bir Meneiga, a distance of thirty-seven kilometres,
the track leads over the pass already mentioned south-east of the
upper (dry) well, thence into Wadi Kreiga, and up that wadi into Wadi
Meneiga; the road is rather stony near Meneiga, and rises rapidly,
so plenty of time should be allowed. To reach Bir Shalatein, forty
kilometres distant, one descends Wadi Beida into Wadi Hodein and
follows Wadi Hodein towards the sea; the road is easy, being mostly
across a falling sandy plain.
=Wadi Kreiga=, the last great tributary of Wadi Hodein, originates
by the union of the Wadis Korbiai and Meneiga, both draining that
north extension of the mountain mass of Gebel Gerf which is sometimes
called Gebel Korbiai or Gebel Meneiga.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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