The geography and geology of south-eastern EgyptBall, John
Science
The geography and geology of south-eastern Egypt
Ball, John
Geology -- Egypt; Physical geography -- Egypt
Above the springs, Wadi Meneiga soon becomes impassable, ending
in rocky gorges in the mountains. Below the springs it courses for
about seven kilometres in a direction a little west of north to join
Wadi Korbiai and form the head of Wadi Kreiga. The fall in this seven
kilometres is 200 metres, so that the slope is the phenomenally rapid
one of twenty-eight metres per kilometre, and of course the floor
of the wadi is very stony and camel progress is very slow. There
are several lateral feeders, including one from the east, three
kilometres below the springs, leading to the head of Wadi Radad;
but I am not sure whether the pass is practicable as I only saw it
from the mountain top.
From the mouth of Wadi Meneiga, Wadi Kreiga courses about 15° north
of east, as a fairly wide wadi with a stony floor, with high hills on
either side from which small feeders enter. The first large feeder,
the =Wadi Abiad=, enters from the north-west, six kilometres below
the mouth of Wadi Meneiga; it is a steeply falling wadi, which, like
all wadis bearing the name of Abiad, has a floor of light-coloured
granitic sand. Some eight kilometres lower down, two feeders enter
from opposite sides: that from the north is called =Wadi Eberer=,
while that from the south bears the name of =Wadi Shigeg=. Neither of
these has been followed up far, and their length is unknown; but they
are believed to be of no great extent. Below this point the country
opens out considerably, and the wadi anastomoses round low hills,
while its floor becomes less stony and more easy under foot. The
various channels unite again about eight kilometres further down,
where the wadi receives a tributary from the north-west just before it
passes the high hill mass which forms the southward extension of Gebel
Beida. This tributary leads to an easy pass, forming a direct road to
Bir Beida. Lower down several lateral feeders come into Kreiga from
either side, and the wadi emerges on to a sandy plain with scattered
low hills. Across this plain Kreiga takes a more northerly direction
for about sixteen kilometres to join the Wadi Hodein. The length of
Wadi Kreiga from the mouth of Wadi Meneiga to Wadi Hodein is about
fourty-one kilometres. Its fall between these points is from 405
metres to about 70 metres above sea-level, giving an average slope
of eight metres per kilometre; the slope in the upper parts, where
the wadi bed is stony, is of course somewhat greater, and that in
its lower more sandy reaches is somewhat less than this average.
=Wadi Kolaiqo= is a very ill-defined drainage line heading in the
low hills called Gebel Kolaiqo, and coursing north-east for about
thirty kilometres across the sandy coast-plain to reach the sea
about latitude 23° 0′. It is very sandy, and absolutely barren
except for a little scrub in its upper parts. It would hardly have
been noticed had not the triangulation station on the hill at its
head been occupied.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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