Transcriber Note Text emphasis denoted as _Italics_ and =Bold=. Table of Contents added to assist the reader. GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY Henry Snyder, A.M., Sc.D. Superintendent of Schools, Jersey City, New Jersey Copyright, 1916, 1921, by American Book Company. Table of Contents Section PAGE EARLY HISTORY i POSITION AND SIZE iv RELIEF iv CLIMATE vii DRAINAGE viii PLANTS AND ANIMALS ix AGRICULTURE xi MINERALS xii TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION xiv RECREATION AND HEALTH xv GOVERNMENT AND EDUCATION xvi POPULATION xix CITIES, TOWNS, BOROUGHS, AND VILLAGES xx TABLES xxvii EARLY HISTORY The original inhabitants of New Jersey H were Indians of the Delaware tribe, which belonged to the Algonquin family. The early white settlers were of different nationalities,--Dutch, Swedes, English, and French. The geographical names of the state are interesting reminders of the various occupants. The first exploration of the state was made by Henry Hudson, who, in the employ of the Dutch East India Company, sailed for a week in 1609 on the waters of Delaware Bay and Delaware River, which the Dutch called South River, in search of a northwest passage to India. Failing to find it, he sailed north and entered New York Bay and Hudson River, or North River, as it is still called. In 1614 the Dutch founded New Amsterdam, afterwards New York, and, about the same time, established a trading post in what is now Hudson County. Later the Swedes attempted settlements in the southwestern part of the state, but were expelled by the Dutch. The Dutch made settlements at various places, some of which proved to be only temporary. The first permanent settlement in New Jersey was at Bergen, now a part of Jersey City, to which was granted a town form of government, separate from that of New Amsterdam, in 1660.