The Appalachian zone, which consists of Kittatinny Mountain and
Kittatinny Valley, extends across the northwestern part of the state
from the Delaware River in the vicinity of the Delaware Water Gap to
the New York state line. The width of this belt varies from twelve to
fourteen miles. The Kittatinny Mountain extends along the Delaware
River for thirty miles in the northwestern corner of the state. It
extends into Pennsylvania, where it is known as Blue Mountain. The
height of this range varies from 1500 feet to 1800 feet. Its highest
point and the highest in the state is High Point, which has an
elevation of 1804 feet. The Kittatinny Valley is on the southeast side
of Kittatinny Mountain and runs parallel with it.
[Illustration: Relief map of New Jersey]
The Appalachian zone, with its rugged surface, extensive forests, and
many lakes, is noted for its beautiful scenery, which attracts many
summer visitors. The Delaware Water Gap is particularly noted on this
account. This is a break in the Kittatinny Mountain through which the
Delaware River flows. Because of the rough surface this section of
the state is not adapted to agriculture, although on the bottom lands
bordering on the streams and in the Kittatinny Valley there are many
farms devoted to the raising of crops and to grazing.
The second zone, The Highlands, immediately southeast of the
Appalachian zone, extends from the Delaware River into New York. Its
southeastern boundary passes near Morristown and Boonton. This zone
is from ten to twenty miles wide. Its height generally varies from
900 feet to 1400 feet. Hamburg Mountain and Wawayanda Mountain reach
an altitude of 1469 feet. The Highlands, as well as the Appalachian
zone, belong to the Appalachian region, but in New Jersey the term
"Appalachian" is applied only to the region consisting of Kittatinny
Mountain and Valley.
The Highlands contain many irregular mountain masses, interspersed with
fertile valleys, and much forest land. The zone contains, besides, many
lakes, most of which are of glacial origin. The section is consequently
one of great natural beauty, and is a popular resort for many who
desire out-door recreation. There is much fertile farm land and land
suitable for grazing. Parts of it are specially suitable for the
raising of peaches and other fruits. It contains many valuable mineral
deposits, including gravel, cement rock, zinc, and iron.
Next to the Highlands and parallel with it is the Piedmont Plateau.
This extends from the Delaware River to the northeast corner of the
state and is about thirty miles wide. Its southeastern boundary is a
line running from Trenton to Woodbridge in Middlesex County, which
represents in this state the Fall Line (Sec. 47). It comprises about
one fifth of the area of the state. Its elevation varies from sea level
to about 900 feet.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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