The Geologic Story of the Great Plains: A nontechnical description of the origin and evolution of the landscape of the Great PlainsTrimble, Donald E.
Science
The Geologic Story of the Great Plains: A nontechnical description of the origin and evolution of the landscape of the Great Plains
Trimble, Donald E.
Geology -- Great Plains; Landscapes -- Great Plains
The valley of the east-flowing, glacially diverted part of the Little
Missouri River, however, is markedly different from that of the
north-flowing preglacial river. It is much narrower and has steeper
walls than the old valley. Because it is younger, it is little modified,
except by huge landslides that have affected both walls of the valley.
Tremendous rotated landslide blocks in the North Unit of Theodore
Roosevelt National Memorial Park are some of the best examples of the
slump type of landslide to be seen anywhere (fig. 21).
Melting ice at the front of the glaciers provided large volumes of
meltwater that flowed across the till-mantled surface in front of the
glacier as it melted back toward Canada. This meltwater took many
courses to join the glacially diverted Missouri River, and these sinuous
meltwater channels wind across the dead-ice moraine and the older, less
hummocky ground moraine between the Coteau du Missouri and the Missouri
River. Locally the sediment carried by the meltwater streams was banked
against a wall of ice to form a small hill of stratified drift that is
called a kame. Streams flowing in tunnels beneath the ice formed
sinuous, ridgelike deposits called eskers, and in places the meltwater
deposits form broad flat areas called outwash plains.
[Illustration: _Figure 21.—Rotated slump blocks in huge landslide, North
Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park, N. Dak. Note that
layering of Fort Union Formation in cliffs on skyline, where landslide
originated, is horizontal._]
This rather limited variety of landforms, then, characterizes the
landscape of the Glaciated Missouri Plateau. The landforms themselves
are testimony to their glacial origin and to the great advances of the
continental ice sheets. This is a stream-carved terrain that has been
modified by continental glaciers and almost completely covered by a
thick blanket of glacially transported and deposited rock debris,
locally hundreds of feet thick. Subsequent stream action has not altered
the landscape greatly.
Unglaciated Missouri Plateau
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