The Geological Story of the Isle of WightHughes, J. Cecil (John Cecil)
Science
The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight
Hughes, J. Cecil (John Cecil)
Geology -- England -- Isle of Wight; Geology, Stratigraphic -- Tertiary; Paleontology -- England -- Isle of Wight
be the same strata repeated. The conjecture of the existence of a
fault has, however, been confirmed; for during the last years a most
interesting section has been visible at the junction of the shales and
marls, where a fault was suspected. The shales in the cliff and on the
shore are contorted into the form of a Z. The section appears to have
become visible about 1904 (it was in the spring of that year that I
first saw it), and was described by Mr. R. W. Hooley, F.G.S. (_Proc.
Geol. Ass._, vol. xix., 1906, pp. 264, 265). It has remained visible
since.
The Wealden of Brook and the neighbouring coast is celebrated for the
number of bones of great reptiles found here, from the early days of
geological research, the '20's and '30's of last century, when
admirable early geologists, such as Dr. Buckland and Dr. Mantell, were
discovering the wonders of that ancient world, to the present time.
Various reptiles have been found besides the Iguanodon--the
Megalosaurus, a great reptile somewhat similar, but of lighter build,
with sabre-shaped teeth, with serrated edges: the Hylaeosaurus, a
smaller creature with an armour of plates on the back, and a row of
angular spines along the middle of the back; the huge _Hoplosaurus
hulkei_, probably 70 or 80 feet in length; the marine Plesiosaurus and
Ichthyosaurus, and several more; also bones of a freshwater turtle and
four types of crocodiles. In various beds a large freshwater shell,
_Unio valdensis_, occurs, and in the cliffs of Brook have been found
many cones of Cycadean plants. In bands of white sandy clay are
fragments of ferns, _Lonchopteris Mantelli_. In the shales are bands
of limestone with Cyrena, Paludina, and small oysters, and paper
shales with cyprids, as at Sandown. The shore near Atherfield Point is
covered with fallen blocks of the limestones.
The Lower Greensand is seen in Compton Bay on the northern side of the
Brook anticline. Here is a great slip of Atherfield clay. The beds
above the clay are much thinner than at Atherfield, and fossils are
comparatively scarce. On the south of the anticline the Perna bed
slopes down to the sea about 150 yards east of Atherfield Point, and
runs out to sea as a reef. Large blocks lie on the shore, where
numerous fossils may be found on the weathered surfaces. The ledges
which here run out to sea form a dangerous reef, on which many vessels
have struck. There is now a bell buoy on the reef. On the headland is
a coastguard station, and till lately there has been a sloping wooden
way from the top of the cliff to bring the lifeboat down. This was
washed away in the storms of the winter 1912-13.
Above the Perna bed lies a great thickness of Atherfield clay. Above
this lies what is called the Lower Lobster bed, a brown clay and sand,
in which are numerous nodules containing the small lobster _Meyeria
vectensis_,--known as Atherfield lobsters. Many beautiful specimens
have been obtained.
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