[Footnote 33: _Cf._ Ludwig, p. 84.] [Footnote 34: A particularly strong current of German settlers has in recent years been moving into Ijuhy, mostly by indirect immigration.] [Footnote 35: _Cf._ report of the inspector C. Lila da Silveira in _Relatorio_.] [Footnote 36: About equal to that of the United States without the colonies and Alaska, but with the state of Texas doubled.] [Footnote 37: The study of emigration reports in European archives does not help us much because by no means did all persons listed as emigrants for Brazil finally arrive in the latter country.] [Footnote 38: In order to enable the reader to put a correct valuation on the popular bugaboo, the "perigo allemao" (German peril), the following facts are noted by way of comparison: According to the statistics above referred to, the German immigrants occupy fourth place in point of numbers for the period 1820-1915, inclusive. They are superseded by: a) Italians. First mentioned in the records 1836. Total to 1862.................................... 209 Total to and including 1915...................... 1,348,777 b) Portuguese. First noted in 1837. Total to and including 1915...................... 977,524 c) Spaniards. First noted 1841. Total to 1868.................................... 274 Total to and including 1915...................... 470,107] [Footnote 39: Dr. Ernst Wagemann, of the Kolonialinstitut, Hamburg, recently estimated the German population of Espirito Santo at 20,000-30,000, according to statements by W. Muenzenthaler, German Consular-General in Rio.] [Footnote 40: The above estimates refer to conditions at the end of 1915. The estimate for the total population of the country for that year was 23,000,000.] =CHAPTER II.= THE BRAZILIAN GERMAN DIALECT. THE UNDERLYING BASIS AND REASONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE DIALECT. As may be inferred from chapter I, the German immigration into Brazil antedating the nineteenth century was quite insignificant. Beginning with the early years of that century, however, there was a steady current of new settlers from the German-speaking sections of Europe into the southern part of the country. The people who made up this current settled, particularly during the early years, in small, widely separated colonial nuclei where they found themselves more or less thoroughly cut off from the outside world and its influences. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that these people have developed a new dialect which we may call "Brazilian German."